ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2016
A Model for the Application of Target-Controlled Intravenous Infusion for a Prolonged Immersive DMT Psychedelic Experience.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): A Systematic Review and Post-hoc Analysis.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Acute effects of intravenous DMT in a randomized placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2017Trial
- Overcoming Pharmacokinetic and Peripheral Safety Challenges in Psychedelic Therapies: The Promise of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Pharmacodynamic effects and plasma pharmacokinetics of N, N-dimethyltryptamine after intranasal versus subcutaneous administration in male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Optimized infusion rates for N,N-dimethyltryptamine to achieve a target psychedelic intensity based on a modeling and simulation framework.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Article
- Discovery andACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2023Article
- An encounter with the self: A thematic and content analysis of the DMT experience from a naturalistic field study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- A phase 1/2 trial to assess safety and efficacy of a vaporized 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine formulation (GH001) in patients with treatment-resistant depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the psychedelic experience induced by N,N-dimethyltryptamine - Implications for dose considerations.Clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- N,N-dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine.Human psychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Dosing Psychedelics and MDMA.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Article
- New Frontiers or a Bursting Bubble? Psychedelic Therapy Beyond the Dichotomy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Ayahuasca AlkaloidsPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Psychedelics and virtual reality: parallels and applications.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2020Review
- N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The state of consciousness induced by N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is one of the most extraordinary of any naturally-occurring psychedelic substance. Users consistently report the complete replacement of normal subjective experience with a novel "alternate universe," often densely populated with a variety of strange objects and other highly complex visual content, including what appear to be sentient "beings." The phenomenology of the DMT state is of great interest to psychology and calls for rigorous academic enquiry. The extremely short duration of DMT effects-less than 20 min-militates against single dose administration as the ideal model for such enquiry. Using pharmacokinetic modeling and DMT blood sampling data, we demonstrate that the unique pharmacological characteristics of DMT, which also include a rapid onset and lack of acute tolerance to its subjective effects, make it amenable to administration by target-controlled intravenous infusion. This is a technology developed to maintain a stable brain concentration of anesthetic drugs during surgery. Simulations of our model demonstrate that this approach will allow research subjects to be induced into a stable and prolonged DMT experience, making it possible to carefully observe its psychological contents, and provide more extensive accounts for subsequent analyses. This model would also be valuable in performing functional neuroimaging, where subjects are required to remain under the influence of the drug for extended periods. Finally, target-controlled intravenous infusion of DMT may aid the development of unique psychotherapeutic applications of this psychedelic agent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.