ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2016
An Illustration of Inverse Probability Weighting to Estimate Policy-Relevant Causal Effects.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of hypothetical interventions to limit weight gain on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in the United States, 2012-2021.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic Therapies for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- A Framework for Thinking About the Potential Public Health Impact of Epidemiologic Research.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Smoking Uptake Among Adolescents in Social Housing Australia.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Misclassification of Loss to Care Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Improved Capture of Silent Transfers Through Surveillance Linkage Using Statewide Mandatorily Reported Laboratory Measures.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Evaluating Clinic-Based Interventions to Reduce Racial Differences in Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Different effects for different questions: An illustration using short cervix and the risk of preterm birth.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2023Article
- A Framework for Descriptive Epidemiology.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Targeted maximum likelihood estimation of causal effects with interference: A simulation study.Statistics in medicine · 2022Article
- Parental relationship status and age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis of their child.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2021Article
- Article
- Refining the Association Between Body Mass Index and Atrial Fibrillation: G-Formula and Restricted Mean Survival Times.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Measurement Error and Environmental Epidemiology: a Policy Perspective.Current environmental health reports · 2017Review
- Comparing Regression Adjustment, Matching, and Inverse Probability Weights in Small Sub-Populations in the HIV SUCCESS Consortium: A Real-World Data Example.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traditional epidemiologic approaches allow us to compare counterfactual outcomes under 2 exposure distributions, usually 100% exposed and 100% unexposed. However, to estimate the population health effect of a proposed intervention, one may wish to compare factual outcomes under the observed exposure distribution to counterfactual outcomes under the exposure distribution produced by an intervention. Here, we used inverse probability weights to compare the 5-year mortality risk under observed antiretroviral therapy treatment plans to the 5-year mortality risk that would had been observed under an intervention in which all patients initiated therapy immediately upon entry into care among patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus in the US Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems multisite cohort study between 1998 and 2013. Therapy-naïve patients (n = 14,700) were followed from entry into care until death, loss to follow-up, or censoring at 5 years or on December 31, 2013. The 5-year cumulative incidence of mortality was 11.65% under observed treatment plans and 10.10% under the intervention, yielding a risk difference of -1.57% (95% confidence interval: -3.08, -0.06). Comparing outcomes under the intervention with outcomes under observed treatment plans provides meaningful information about the potential consequences of new US guidelines to treat all patients with human immunodeficiency virus regardless of CD4 cell count under actual clinical conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.