ArticlePharmaceutical research2016
Characterization of Pharmacokinetics in the Göttingen Minipig with Reference Human Drugs: An In Vitro and In Vivo Approach.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the value of entomotoxicology in forensic toxicology casework using the first minipig model.Forensic toxicology · 2025Article
- The Impact of PET Imaging on Translational Medicine: Insights from Large-Animal Disease Models.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Investigation of Minipigs as the Optimal Non-rodent Pre-clinical Species: Exploring Plasma Protein Binding of Marketed Cardiovascular Drugs Across Species.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Abundance and Activity in the Developing and Adult Göttingen Minipig: Pivotal Data for PBPK Modeling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- The Neonatal and Juvenile Pig in Pediatric Drug Discovery and Development.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- The Effect of Anesthetic Regimens on Intestinal Absorption of Passively Absorbed Drugs in Rats.Pharmaceutical research · 2020Article
- AnToxicology reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aims to expand our understanding of the mechanisms of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the Göttingen minipig to aid a knowledge-driven selection of the optimal species for preclinical pharmaceutical research.
methodsThe pharmacokinetics of seven reference compounds (antipyrine, atenolol, cimetidine, diazepam, hydrochlorothiazide, midazolam and theophylline) was investigated after intravenous and oral dosing in minipigs. Supportive in vitro data were generated on hepatocellularity, metabolic clearance in hepatocytes, blood cell and plasma protein binding and metabolism routes.
resultsSystemic plasma clearance for the seven drugs ranged from low (1.1 ml/min/kg, theophylline) to close to liver blood flow (37.4 ml/min/kg, cimetidine). Volume of distribution in minipigs ranged from 0.7 L/kg for antipyrine to 3.2 L/kg for hydrochlorothiazide. A gender-related difference of in vivo metabolic clearance was observed for antipyrine. The hepatocellularity for minipig was determined as 124 Mcells/g liver, similar to the values reported for human. Based on these data a preliminary in vitro to in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for metabolic clearance measured in hepatocytes was investigated. Metabolite profiles of diazepam and midazolam compared well between minipig and human.
conclusionsThe results of the present study support the use of in vitro metabolism data for the evaluation of minipig in preclinical research and safety testing.
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Registered trials
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