Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27468720›Full record

ReviewTumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine2016

Biomarkers of genome instability and cancer epigenetics.

Adriana H O Reis, Fernando R Vargas, Bernardo Lemos

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Adriana H O ReisGenetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fernando R VargasGenetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Bernardo LemosProgram in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 2, Rm 219, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. blemos@hsph.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-9483

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive somatic evolution from normal human cells to malignant derivatives. Collectively, genetic and epigenetic alterations might be combined into biomarkers for the assessment of risk, the detection of early stage tumors, and accurate tumor characterization before and after treatment. Recent efforts have provided systematic approaches to cancer genomics through the application of massive sequencing of specific tumor types. Here, we review biomarkers of genome instability and epigenetics. Cancer evolvability and adaptation emerge through genetic and epigenetic lesions of a variety of sizes and qualities-from point mutations and small insertions/deletions to large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, alterations in whole chromosome copy number, preferential allelic expression of cancer risk alleles, and mechanisms that increase tumor mutation rates. We also review specific epigenetic mechanisms that facilitate or hinder tumor adaptation, including DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, transcription factor activity, and small non-coding RNAs. Given the complexity of the carcinogenic process, the challenge ahead will be to interpret disparate signals across hundreds of genes and summarize these signals into a single actionable diagnosis that translates into specific treatments. Another challenge is to refine preventive efforts through the identification of epigenetic processes that mediate increased cancer rates in individuals exposed to sources of toxic environmental stress and pollution, specially through development and early childhood.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticGenomic InstabilityBiomarkersHumansNeoplasmsBiomarkersBiomarkersEpigeneticsGenome instabilityTumorigenesis

Identifiers

PMID27468720

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.