ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
CD4+ T Cells Recognizing PE/PPE Antigens Directly or via Cross Reactivity Are Protective against Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improved immune responses and tuberculosis protection by aerosol vaccination with recombinant BCG expressing ESX-1 from Mycobacterium marinum.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A proteome-wide atlas of humoral immunity toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Prophylactic and post-exposure efficacy of a Pichinde virus vector-based tuberculosis vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Human CD4+ T cells recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages amid broader responses.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal toMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- The PE/PPE family proteins ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mycobacteriaceae Phenome Atlas (MPA): A Standardized Atlas for the Mycobacteriaceae Phenome Based on Heterogeneous Sources.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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- Immunogenicity of PE18, PE31, and PPE26 proteins fromFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A lentiviral vector expressing a dendritic cell-targeting multimer induces mucosal anti-mycobacterial CD4Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Computational identification and characterization of antigenic properties of Rv3899c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its interaction with human leukocyte antigen (HLA).Immunogenetics · 2021Article
- Reversible gene silencing through frameshift indels and frameshift scars provide adaptive plasticity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Evolutionary genomic and bacteria GWAS analysis ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Intranasal vaccination with a lentiviral vector protects against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- PE_PGRS33, an Important Virulence Factor ofCells · 2021Review
- Peptides-Based Vaccine MP3RT Induced Protective Immunity AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Mycobacterial Virulence Factors: Surface-Exposed Lipids and Secreted Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- New insights into the mycobacterial PE and PPE proteins provide a framework for future research.Molecular microbiology · 2020Review
- Role of the PE/PPE Family in Host-Pathogen Interactions and Prospects for Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccine and Diagnostic Tool Design.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), possesses at least three type VII secretion systems, ESX-1, -3 and -5 that are actively involved in pathogenesis and host-pathogen interaction. We recently showed that an attenuated Mtb vaccine candidate (Mtb Δppe25-pe19), which lacks the characteristic ESX-5-associated pe/ppe genes, but harbors all other components of the ESX-5 system, induces CD4+ T-cell immune responses against non-esx-5-associated PE/PPE protein homologs. These T cells strongly cross-recognize the missing esx-5-associated PE/PPE proteins. Here, we characterized the fine composition of the functional cross-reactive Th1 effector subsets specific to the shared PE/PPE epitopes in mice immunized with the Mtb Δppe25-pe19 vaccine candidate. We provide evidence that the Mtb Δppe25-pe19 strain, despite its significant attenuation, is comparable to the WT Mtb strain with regard to: (i) its antigenic repertoire related to the different ESX systems, (ii) the induced Th1 effector subset composition, (iii) the differentiation status of the Th1 cells induced, and (iv) its particular features at stimulating the innate immune response. Indeed, we found significant contribution of PE/PPE-specific Th1 effector cells in the protective immunity against pulmonary Mtb infection. These results offer detailed insights into the immune mechanisms underlying the remarkable protective efficacy of the live attenuated Mtb Δppe25-pe19 vaccine candidate, as well as the specific potential of PE/PPE proteins as protective immunogens.
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