ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Cryptosporidium Priming Is More Effective than Vaccine for Protection against Cryptosporidiosis in a Murine Protein Malnutrition Model.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein Malnutrition Facilitates Intestinal Colonization with Highly ResistantbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunity to Cryptosporidium: insights into principles of enteric responses to infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Potent efficiency of the novel nitazoxanide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers against experimental cyclosporiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Role of interferon gamma in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with parasitic infections.Gut pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
- The Structure and Function of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2020Review
- Animal Models of Undernutrition and Enteropathy as Tools for Assessment of Nutritional Intervention.Nutrients · 2019Review
- A Genetically Tractable, Natural Mouse Model of Cryptosporidiosis Offers Insights into Host Protective Immunity.Cell host & microbe · 2019Article
- Intestinal parasitic infection alters bone marrow derived dendritic cell inflammatory cytokine production in response to bacterial endotoxin in a diet-dependent manner.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Diet-Microbe-Host Interactions That Affect Gut Mucosal Integrity and Infection Resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Disentangling Microbial Mediators of Malnutrition: Modeling Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Review
- Amixicile Reduces Severity of Cryptosporidiosis but Does Not HaveAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Environmental Enteropathy in Undernourished Pakistani Children: Clinical and Histomorphometric Analyses.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- A rapid IL-17 response to Cryptosporidium parvum in the bovine intestine.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2017Article
- Increased Urinary Trimethylamine N-Oxide Following Cryptosporidium Infection and Protein Malnutrition Independent of Microbiome Effects.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- The mucosal barrier at a glance.Journal of cell science · 2017Review
- Cryptosporidiosis in children in the Indian subcontinent.Tropical parasitologyArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a major cause of severe diarrhea, especially in malnourished children. Using a murine model of C. parvum oocyst challenge that recapitulates clinical features of severe cryptosporidiosis during malnutrition, we interrogated the effect of protein malnutrition (PM) on primary and secondary responses to C. parvum challenge, and tested the differential ability of mucosal priming strategies to overcome the PM-induced susceptibility. We determined that while PM fundamentally alters systemic and mucosal primary immune responses to Cryptosporidium, priming with C. parvum (106 oocysts) provides robust protective immunity against re-challenge despite ongoing PM. C. parvum priming restores mucosal Th1-type effectors (CD3+CD8+CD103+ T-cells) and cytokines (IFNγ, and IL12p40) that otherwise decrease with ongoing PM. Vaccination strategies with Cryptosporidium antigens expressed in the S. Typhi vector 908htr, however, do not enhance Th1-type responses to C. parvum challenge during PM, even though vaccination strongly boosts immunity in challenged fully nourished hosts. Remote non-specific exposures to the attenuated S. Typhi vector alone or the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN-1668 can partially attenuate C. parvum severity during PM, but neither as effectively as viable C. parvum priming. We conclude that although PM interferes with basal and vaccine-boosted immune responses to C. parvum, sustained reductions in disease severity are possible through mucosal activators of host defenses, and specifically C. parvum priming can elicit impressively robust Th1-type protective immunity despite ongoing protein malnutrition. These findings add insight into potential correlates of Cryptosporidium immunity and future vaccine strategies in malnourished children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.