Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27467059›Full record

ReviewGastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates

Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis.

Mila Pak, Glenda Lindseth

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  11. Observational
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  16. Review
  17. Gallstone disease as a clue for metabolic syndrome.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Mila PakMila Pak, PhD, CRNA, is Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, Orlando VA Medical Center, Orlando, Florida. Glenda Lindseth, PhD, RN, FAAN, FADA, is Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
Glenda Lindseth

Funding

NORTHERN PLAINS CENTER FOR BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH: LATINO, NATIVE AMERICANC06RR022088 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA · PI LINDSETH, GLENDA N · 2005 to 2005
$3.9M
NORTHERN PLAINS CENTER FOR BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH TRANSLATIONP20RR023489 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA · PI LINDSETH, GLENDA N · 2006 to 2006
$202k
NCRR NIH HHS C06 RR022088NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR023489
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gallstone disease is one of the most common public health problems in the United States. Approximately 10%-20% of the national adult populations currently carry gallstones, and gallstone prevalence is rising. In addition, nearly 750,000 cholecystectomies are performed annually in the United States; direct and indirect costs of gallbladder surgery are estimated to be $6.5 billion. Cholelithiasis is also strongly associated with gallbladder, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer occurrence. Moreover, the National Institutes of Health estimates that almost 3,000 deaths (0.12% of all deaths) per year are attributed to complications of cholelithiasis and gallbladder disease. Although extensive research has tried to identify risk factors for cholelithiasis, several studies indicate that definitive findings still remain elusive. In this review, predisposing factors for cholelithiasis are identified, the pathophysiology of gallstone disease is described, and nonsurgical preventive options are discussed. Understanding the risk factors for cholelithiasis may not only be useful in assisting nurses to provide resources and education for patients who are diagnosed with gallstones, but also in developing novel preventive measures for the disease.

Indexed as

AdultAge DistributionAlcoholismCholecystectomyCholelithiasisDiet, Fat-RestrictedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityPrevalencePrognosisRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexSex Distribution

Identifiers

PMID27467059
PMCPMC8802735

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.