ArticleInternational journal of cancer2016
Calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk: Results from the nurses' health study and health professionals follow-up study.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Calcium: magnesium intake ratio and colorectal carcinogenesis, results from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.British journal of cancer · 2019Trial
- Body mass index, calcium supplementation and risk of colorectal adenomas.International journal of cancer · 2019Trial
- Evaluating statistical models for overdispersed multiomics data: a multiplex immunofluorescence case study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Heme iron intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective analysis of the modifying role of calcium.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Navigating the Colorectal Cancer Maze: Unveiling Pathways To Diagnosis, Management, Pathophysiology and Prevention.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Associations between Calcium Intake and T-cell Infiltration in Colorectal Tumors.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Black-White disparities across the colorectal cancer care continuum in the USA.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Calcium deficiency and its implications for cardiovascular disease and cancer: Strategies for resolution via agronomic fortification.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Dairy milk: There are alternatives but no equivalents.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Total calcium, dairy foods and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study of younger US women.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Preventive effects of 13 different drugs on colorectal cancer: a network meta-analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic Response to Calcium in Normal Colon Organoids is Impacted by Colon Location and Sex.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Association of ultra-processed food consumption with colorectal cancer risk among men and women: results from three prospective US cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Article
- Molecular Biologic and Epidemiologic Insights for Preventability of Colorectal Cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Total Vitamin D Intake and Risks of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Precursors.Gastroenterology · 2021Observational
- Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer: a population-based case-control study in Ontario, Canada.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The relationship between calcium intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconclusive. We conducted this study to evaluate whether the association between calcium intake and CRC risk differs by anatomic subsite and determine the dose-response relationship for this association, as well as assess when in carcinogenesis calcium may play a role. We assessed calcium intake every 4 years and followed 88,509 women (1980-2012) in the Nurses' Health Study and 47,740 men (1986-2012) in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. We documented 3,078 incident CRC cases. Total calcium intake (≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d) was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of colon cancer (multivariable relative risk: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.65-0.95). Similar results were observed by different sources of calcium (from all foods or dairy products only). The inverse association was linear and suggestively stronger for distal colon cancer (0.65, 0.43-0.99) than for proximal colon cancer (0.94, 0.72-1.22, p-common effects = 0.14). Additionally, when comparing different latencies, the overall pattern suggested that the inverse association appeared to be stronger with increasing latency and was strongest for intakes 12-16 years before diagnosis. Comparing total calcium intakes of ≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d for intake 12-16 y before diagnosis, the pooled RR (95% CIs) of CRC was 0.76 (0.64-0.91). Higher calcium intake was associated with a lower risk of developing colon cancer, especially for distal colon cancer. Overall inverse association was linear and did not differ by intake source. Additionally, calcium intake approximately 10 years before diagnosis appeared to be associated with a lower risk of CRC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.