ArticleBMC cancer2016
PAC down-regulates estrogen receptor alpha and suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells.
Article in BMC cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents in Head and Neck Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cytostatic Bacterial Metabolites Interfere with 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel Efficiency in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Potential Use of Antioxidant Compounds for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Synergistic Effects of New Curcumin Analog (PAC) and Cisplatin on Oral Cancer Therapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- The Curcumin Analog PAC Is a Potential Solution for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Modulating the Gene Expression of DNA Repair Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The curcumin analogue PAC has potent anti-anaplastic thyroid cancer effects.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The involvement of oncobiosis and bacterial metabolite signaling in metastasis formation in breast cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2021Review
- Perspectives for synthetic curcumins in chemoprevention and treatment of cancer: An update with promising analogues.European journal of pharmacology · 2021Review
- The curcumin analog (PAC) suppressed cell survival and induced apoptosis and autophagy in oral cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Curcumin: a potent agent to reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2019Review
- Microbiome-Microbial Metabolome-Cancer Cell Interactions in Breast Cancer-Familiar, but Unexplored.Cells · 2019Review
- Nuclear galectin-1-FOXP3 interaction dampens the tumor-suppressive properties of FOXP3 in breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- Design, synthesis and cytotoxic effects of curcuminoids on HeLa, K562, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines.Chemistry Central journal · 2018Article
- Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition.OncoTargets and therapy · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with limited treatment options and very poor prognosis following progression after standard chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, novel molecules and therapeutic options are urgently needed for this category of patients. Recently, we have identified PAC as a curcumin analogue with potent anti-cancer features.
methodsHPLC was used to evaluate the stability of PAC and curcumin in PBS and also in circulating blood. Cytotoxicity/apoptosis was assessed in different breast cancer cell lines using propidium iodide/annexinV associated with flow cytometry. Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis determined the effects of PAC on different oncogenic proteins and pathways. Additionally, the real time xCELLigence RTCA technology was applied to investigate the effect of PAC on the cellular proliferation, migration and invasion capacities.
resultsPAC is more stable than curcumin in PBS and in circulating blood. Furthermore, we have shown differential sensitivity of estrogen receptor-alfa positive (ERα(+)) and estrogen receptor alfa negative (ERα(-)) breast cancer cells to PAC, which down-regulated ERα in both cell types. This led to complete disappearance of ERα in ERα(-) cells, which express very low level of this receptor. Interestingly, specific down-regulation of ERα in receptor positive cells increased the apoptotic response of these cells to PAC, confirming that ERα inhibits PAC-dependent induction of apoptosis, which could be mediated through ERα down-regulation. Additionally, PAC inhibited the proliferation and suppressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process in breast cancer cells, with higher efficiency on the TNBC subtype. This effect was also observed in vivo on tumor xenografts. Additionally, PAC suppressed the expression/secretion of 2 important cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1, and consequently inhibited the paracrine procarcinogenic effects of breast cancer cells on breast stromal fibroblasts.
conclusionThese results indicate that PAC could be considered as important candidate for future therapeutic options against the devastating TNBC subtype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.