ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2016
Survival of the Fittest: How Bacterial Pathogens Utilize Bile To Enhance Infection.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review on omics data (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics) in the role of microbiome in gallbladder disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- The biliary microbiome in symptomatic cholelithiasis: a prospective comparison across distinct bacterial niches.BMC microbiology · 2026Observational
- Lithocholic acid induces T3SS-dependent formation of invasion-competentInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- The SPI-20 and SPI-21 T6SS gene clusters fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and comparative genomic characterization of a human biliary-derivedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of microbiological cultures in patients with acute cholecystitis.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Gut and faecal microbiota alterations in mice following infection with Arcobacter butzleri strains from a food processing plant.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Evolving Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Peritonitis of Biliary Origin: An Evidence-Based Update of the Tokyo Guidelines (TG18) for Clinicians.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of Remote Cholecystectomy on Clinical Outcomes FollowingOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bile modulates phage-host interactions in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Utilizing the effectiveness of phage cocktail to combat Shigella and Salmonella infections and their polymicrobial biofilm control activity.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Antagonistic Effects of Actin-Specific Toxins onBiomolecules · 2024Article
- How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Interplay between Bile Acids and Intestinal Microbiota: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Is cross-species horizontal gene transfer responsible for gallbladder carcinogenesis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Antagonistic effects of actin-specific toxins onbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Orientia tsutsugamushi: An Unusual Intracellular Bacteria-Adaptation Strategies, Available Antibiotics, and Alternatives for Treatment.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Contribution of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems to Adherent-InvasiveMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Bile-induced biofilm formation inmBio · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have coevolved with humans in order to efficiently infect, replicate within, and be transmitted to new hosts to ensure survival and a continual infection cycle. For enteric pathogens, the ability to adapt to numerous host factors under the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is critical for establishing infection. One such host factor readily encountered by enteric bacteria is bile, an innately antimicrobial detergent-like compound essential for digestion and nutrient absorption. Not only have enteric pathogens evolved to resist the bactericidal conditions of bile, but these bacteria also utilize bile as a signal to enhance virulence regulation for efficient infection. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of bile-related research with enteric pathogens. From common responses to the unique expression of specific virulence factors, each pathogen has overcome significant challenges to establish infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Utilization of bile as a signal to modulate virulence factor expression has led to important insights for our understanding of virulence mechanisms for many pathogens. Further research on enteric pathogens exposed to this in vivo signal will benefit therapeutic and vaccine development and ultimately enhance our success at combating such elite pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.