Trial reportAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2016
Randomised clinical study: inulin short-chain fatty acid esters for targeted delivery of short-chain fatty acids to the human colon.
Trial report in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoy bypass for appetite suppression in obese adults: role of synergistic nutrient sensing receptors GPR84 and FFAR4 on colonic endocrine cells.Gut · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Successful elevation of circulating acetate and propionate by dietary modulation does not alter T-regulatory cell or cytokine profiles in healthy humans: a pilot study.European journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
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- Delivering the Gut to the Brain: Drug Delivery Strategies for Microbiota-Derived Therapeutics in Depression.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Short-chain fatty acids.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Safety of inulin-propionate ester as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Microencapsulated Propionate and Butyrate Improved Energy Balance and Gut Microbiota Composition in Diet-Induced Obese Rats.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain over 12 months in adults aged 20-40 years (iPREVENT): a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Harnessing and delivering microbial metabolites as therapeutics via advanced pharmaceutical approaches.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Engineering Strategies to Modulate the Gut Microbiome and Immune System.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- Article
- Short-chain fatty acids as a link between diet and cardiometabolic risk: a narrative review.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Review
- Efficiency of Resistant Starch and Dextrins as Prebiotics: A Review of the Existing Evidence and Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Bifidobacterium response to lactulose ingestion in the gut relies on a solute-binding protein-dependent ABC transporter.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Potential applications of hydrophobically modified inulin as an active ingredient in functional foods and drugs - A review.Carbohydrate polymers · 2021Review
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- Effect of lactulose intervention on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid composition of C57BL/6J mice.MicrobiologyOpen · 2018Article
- Dietary fibers inhibit obesity in mice, but host responses in the cecum and liver appear unrelated to fiber-specific changes in cecal bacterial taxonomic composition.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundShort-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced through fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates by the gut microbiota are associated with positive metabolic effects. However, well-controlled trials are limited in humans.
aimsTo develop a methodology to deliver SCFA directly to the colon, and to optimise colonic propionate delivery in humans, to determine its role in appetite regulation and food intake.
methodsInulin SCFA esters were developed and tested as site-specific delivery vehicles for SCFA to the proximal colon. Inulin propionate esters containing 0-61 wt% (IPE-0-IPE-61) propionate were assessed in vitro using batch faecal fermentations. In a randomised, controlled, crossover study, with inulin as control, ad libitum food intake (kcal) was compared after 7 days on IPE-27 or IPE-54 (10 g/day all treatments). Propionate release was determined using (13) C-labelled IPE variants.
resultsIn vitro, IPE-27-IPE-54 wt% propionate resulted in a sevenfold increase in propionate production compared with inulin (P < 0.05). In vivo, IPE-27 led to greater (13) C recovery in breath CO2 than IPE-54 (64.9 vs. 24.9%, P = 0.001). IPE-27 also led to a reduction in energy intake during the ad libitum test meal compared with both inulin (439.5 vs. 703.9 kcal, P = 0.025) and IPE-54 (439.5 vs. 659.3 kcal, P = 0.025), whereas IPE-54 was not significantly different from inulin control.
conclusionsIPE-27 significantly reduced food intake suggesting colonic propionate plays a role in appetite regulation. Inulin short-chain fatty acid esters provide a novel tool for probing the diet-gut microbiome-host metabolism axis in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.