ArticleBMC health services research2016
Hepatitis C virus infection among patients with diabetes mellitus in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Article in BMC health services research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis: risk of hepatitis C virus infection associated with hospital-based invasive procedures.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Dermatological and Ophthalmological Inflammatory, Infectious, and Tumoral Tattoo-Related Reactions: A Systematic Review.The Permanente journal · 2021Pooled it
- The prevalence of hepatitis B infection and anti-HCV antibody in patients with diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hepatitis C Virus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Large Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Machine learning for predicting hepatitis B or C virus infection in diabetic patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis C infection among diabetic patients in South-Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Hepatitis Risk in Diabetes Compared to Non-Diabetes and Relevant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2018.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased age in sub-Saharan Africa: Results from a cross-sectional comparative analysis.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among diabetes mellitus type 2 individuals.PloS one · 2019Article
- Prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis and potential associated factors in patients with diabetes mellitus.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2018Article
- Hepatitis C Virus Infection at Primary Healthcare Level in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus an Associated Factor?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among diabetic patients in Kisangani (North-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo).The Pan African medical journal · 2018Article
- Hepatitis C Genotypes in Libya: Correlation with Patients' Characteristics, Level of Viremia, and Degree of Liver Fibrosis.Oman medical journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundData regarding comorbidities of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are lacking. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HCV among Saudi patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Dammam, KSA.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study done in 2011, a total of 1054 Saudi DM patients were randomly selected from the Diabetes Center in Dammam Medical Complex, KSA, for interview and HCV screening using the HCV Rapid Test. Positive cases were later confirmed via INNO-LIA HCV score line immune assay.
resultsSeropositivity of HCV was 1.9 %. DM duration of >5 years increased the probability of HCV risk to 3.7 fold while insulin users were 3.2 times more likely to have HCV infection. Increased hospital admission (3-4 times) also increased HCV risk by 11.5 times and 13.6 times among patients with ≥5 admissions. Similarly, having 3-4 surgical procedures increased HCV risk by 8.6 times and 39.3 times with ≥5 procedures. HCV transmission is 4 times more likely by blood transfusion. Those who shared personal items were 8.5 times more likely to have HCV. Tattooing increased HCV risk by 6.7 times. The likelihood of HCV infection was also higher among DM patients with liver diseases and elevated liver enzymes.
conclusionThe study confirmed a significant association between HCV risk and DM. Frequency of HCV among DM Saudis was 1.9 %. Predictors of HCV among DM patients were sharing personal items, occupational exposure to blood or its products, elevated transaminases, tattooing, disease duration > 5 years, increased hospital admission and blood transfusion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.