ArticleScientific reports2016
Smoking, pregnancy and the subgingival microbiome.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Oral microflora and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical study showing a lower abundance of Neisseria in the oral microbiome aligns with low birth weight pregnancy outcomes.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Trial
- Mapping the subgingival HerBiome and HisBiome over the human healthspan.Journal of periodontology · 2026Article
- Shotgun metagenomic mapping of saliva reveals insights into diversity and function of the oral microbiome in pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tobacco-Induced Oral Dysbiosis and Microbial Shifts: A Narrative Review of Their Role in Systemic Inflammation and Disease.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Early pregnancy is characterized by a significant decrease in the diversity of the oral microbiome and strong associations with lifestyle and conception method.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Developmental ecology of the infant oral ecosystem: a framework for early childhood caries.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Four-Week Evaluation of the Interaction Pattern Among Saccharibacteria, Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria, and Periodontopathogens in Orthodontic Miniscrew Implants.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Establishment of the early gut microbiota in vaginally delivered infants: the influence of maternal gut microbiota outweighs vaginal microbiota.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Toxic cultures: e-cigarettes and the oral microbial exposome.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles alter cortical neurons and Tau phosphorylation in the embryonic mouse brain.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Placental TLR recognition of salivary and subgingival microbiota is associated with pregnancy complications.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Culturable Bacteria and Yeasts in the Nasopharynx Microbiota during the Physiological Course of Pregnancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Multi-omics reveals that the host-microbiome metabolism crosstalk of differential rumen bacterial enterotypes can regulate the milk protein synthesis of dairy cows.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- Dysbiosis revisited: Understanding the role of the oral microbiome in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis: A critical assessment.Journal of periodontology · 2021Article
- Tonsillar Microbiota: a Cross-Sectional Study of Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis or Tonsillar Hypertrophy.mSystems · 2021Article
- Sex Steroid Hormones as a Balancing Factor in Oral Host Microbiome Interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The periodontal microbiome is known to be altered during pregnancy as well as by smoking. However, despite the fact that 2.1 million women in the United States smoke during their pregnancy, the potentially synergistic effects of smoking and pregnancy on the subgingival microbiome have never been studied. Subgingival plaque was collected from 44 systemically and periodontally healthy non-pregnant nonsmokers (control), non-pregnant smokers, pregnant nonsmokers and pregnant smokers and sequenced using 16S-pyrotag sequencing. 331601 classifiable sequences were compared against HOMD. Community ordination methods and co-occurrence networks were used along with non-parametric tests to identify differences between groups. Linear Discriminant Analysis revealed significant clustering based on pregnancy and smoking status. Alpha diversity was similar between groups, however, pregnant women (smokers and nonsmokers) demonstrated higher levels of gram-positive and gram-negative facultatives, and lower levels of gram-negative anaerobes when compared to smokers. Each environmental perturbation induced distinctive co-occurrence patterns between species, with unique network anchors in each group. Our study thus suggests that the impact of each environmental perturbation on the periodontal microbiome is unique, and that when they are superimposed, the sum is greater than its parts. The persistence of these effects following cessation of the environmental disruption warrants further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.