ReviewPaediatric drugs2016
An Update on the Therapeutic Approach to Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.
Review in Paediatric drugs, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Reduced Levels of Resolvin D1 and Thrombospondin-1 in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2026Article
- Pediatric Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC): Current State and Future Directions-A Narrative Review of Clinical Features, Diagnostic Strategies, and Emerging Therapies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The evolving role of ciclosporin in the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Seeing eye to eye: a modified Delphi method-based multidisciplinary expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Topical 0.1% Ciclosporin Cationic Emulsion Used on Label in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Efficacy and Safety of 0.1% Cyclosporine versus 2% Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Severe Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Children.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: state of art and update on treatment.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2021Review
- Immunopharmacology in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Current and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Current Knowledge in Allergic Conjunctivitis.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Article
- Efficacy of Houttuynia eye drops for the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis: A systemic review and meta-analysis protocol.Medicine · 2019Article
- Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: an update focused on clinical grading system.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2019Review
- Eye drop emulsion containing 0.1% cyclosporin (1 mg/mL) for the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an evidence-based review and place in therapy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children in Saudi Arabia.Oman journal of ophthalmologyReview
- Vitamin D serum levels in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and disease control.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an inflammatory disease of the ocular surface. It commonly occurs in the first decade of life, has a wide geographical distribution, and usually occurs in warm, dry areas. The pathogenesis of VKC seems to have an immune, nervous, and endocrine basis. The most common eye symptoms are itching, discharge, tearing, eye irritation, redness of the eyes, and photophobia. Although VKC generally has a good prognosis, the lack of clarity regarding the origin of the disease makes treatment a challenge for pediatricians and ophthalmologists. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria in VKC, with a focus on its therapeutic management. The selection of a therapeutic scheme from the many available options is based on clinical features and the personal preferences of both physicians and patients. Due to the lack of uniform grading of disease severity, there is no worldwide consensus on first-line and second-line therapeutic approaches. The choice of treatment for long-term moderate to severe VKC includes topical cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Further data are needed to define the minimal effective concentration and the safety of these drugs in eye drops and to clarify the diagnosis of VKC in patients who require these drugs. Finally, while promising newly discovered drugs are expected to enter into clinical practice, further studies on their efficacy and safety are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.