ArticleInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2016
Cadmium and lead exposure and risk of cataract surgery in U.S. adults.
Article in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phthalate exposure is associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: The Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS).American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Association of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure With Cataract Prevalence Among U.S. Adults: A NHANES Analysis (2005-2008).Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Association of nonrefractive visual impairment with risk of all-cause and specific-cause mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2008.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Trace Element Concentration in the Blood and Aqueous Humor of Subjects with Eye Cataract.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Global burden of vision impairment due to smoking-related cataract: A descriptive study of spatiotemporal trends based on GBD secondary data and projections to 2050.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Association between dietary inflammatory index and visual impairment among adults in the NHANES 2005-2008.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Spatial Vision Inequalities: A Literature Review of the Impact of Place on Vision and Eye Health Outcomes.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Review
- Associations of heavy metal exposure with diabetic retinopathy in the U.S. diabetic population: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The impact of vitamin E, vitamin B6, and niacin intake on cataract incidence based on NHANES 2005-2008 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Changing Trends in the Global Burden of Cataract Over the Past 30 Years: Retrospective Data Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Associations between cadmium exposure and whole-body aging: mediation analysis in the NHANES.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Association of retinopathy with risk of all-cause and specific-cause mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005 to 2008.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Selenium intake help prevent age-related cataract formation: Evidence from NHANES 2001-2008.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional study of the association between asthma and cataract among 40 years and older in the USA.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Use of Generalized Weighted Quantile Sum Regressions of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Kidney Function to Explore Joint Effects of Multiple Metals in Blood.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association between Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Age-Related Cataract: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- The impacts of individual and combined exposure to cadmium and lead on intraocular pressure, electroretinography, and residual changes in the rabbit eyes.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Association of Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Risk of All-Cause and Specific-Cause Mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005 to 2008.JAMA ophthalmology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cataract is a major cause of visual dysfunction and the leading cause of blindness. Elevated levels of cadmium and lead have been found in the lenses of cataract patients, suggesting these metals may play a role in cataract risk. This study aimed to examine the associations of blood lead, blood cadmium and urinary cadmium with cataract risk. We identified 9763 individuals aged 50 years and older with blood lead and cadmium levels, and a randomly selected subgroup of 3175 individuals with available urinary cadmium levels, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999 to 2008 (mean age=63years). Participants were considered to have cataract if they self-reported prior cataract surgery in NHANES's vision examination. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using survey logistic regression models. We identified 1737 cataract surgery cases (the weighted prevalence=14.1%). With adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, cigarette smoking (serum cotinine and pack-years) and urine hydration, every 2-fold increase in urinary cadmium was associated with a 23% higher risk of cataract surgery (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.46, p=0.021). We found no associations of cataract surgery with blood cadmium (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.07) and blood lead (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.06). Mediation analysis showed that for the smoking-cadmium-cataract pathway, the ratio of smoking's indirect effect to the total effect through cadmium was more than 50%. These results suggest that cumulative cadmium exposure may be an important under-recognized risk factor for cataract. However, these findings should be interpreted with a caution because of inconsistent results between urinary cadmium and blood cadmium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.