ReviewAmerican journal of public health2016
Exogenous Hormone Use: Oral Contraceptives, Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy, and Health Outcomes in the Nurses' Health Study.
Review in American journal of public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005152 (Nurses' Health Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nurses' Health Study (Cardiovascular Component)
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the controversy: exploring the link between sex hormones and skin cancers through a meta-analysis and systematic review.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of non-oral hormonal contraceptives on hypertension and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2022Pooled it
- Association of diabetes mellitus and breast cancer in adult men and women: a cross-sectional survey.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- Rosetta Stone for Cancer Cure: Comparison of the Anticancer Capacity of Endogenous Estrogens, Synthetic Estrogens and Antiestrogens.Oncology reviews · 2023Review
- Cerebral vein thrombosis in a woman using oral contraceptive pills for a short period of time: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2022Article
- Oral Contraceptive and Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use and Risk of Pituitary Adenoma: Cohort and Case-Control Analyses.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Intra-ovarian injection of bone marrow-derived c-KitBioImpacts : BI · 2022Article
- The role of education on Cancer amenable mortality among non-Hispanic blacks & non-Hispanic whites in the United States (1989-2018).BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Association between oral contraceptive use and incident heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2021Article
- The risk of developing a meningioma during and after pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Likelihood of Hormone Therapy Use among Women in the Nurses' Health Study II: A 26-Year Prospective Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Hormonal and reproductive factors and reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2020Observational
- Cardiac changes during the peri-menopausal period in a VCD-induced murine model of ovarian failure.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2019Article
- Breast Cancer Risk and Insulin Resistance: Post Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Interaction Study Using a Random Survival Forest.Cancer research · 2019Article
- Safety of psychotropic medicines: contribution from observational evidence.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2018Article
- Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel as Active Agents in Normal Skin, and Pathological Conditions Induced by UVB Exposure: In Vitro and In Ovo Assessments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Breast Cancer Risk Factors: a Cross- Cultural Comparison between the West and the EastAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Article
- Influence of Contraception Use on the Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young Adults.The Linacre quarterly · 2018Article
- Research Strategies for Nutritional and Physical Activity Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) to our understanding of the complex relationship between exogenous hormones and health outcomes in women.
methodsWe performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II from 1976 to 2016.
resultsOral contraceptive and postmenopausal hormone use were studied in relation to major health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Current or recent oral contraceptive use is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (mainly among smokers), melanoma, and breast cancer, and a lower risk of colorectal and ovarian cancer. Although hormone therapy is not indicated primarily for chronic disease prevention, findings from the NHS and a recent analysis of the Women's Health Initiative indicate that younger women who are closer to menopause onset have a more favorable risk-benefit profile than do older women from use of hormone therapy for relief of vasomotor symptoms.
conclusionsWith updated information on hormone use, lifestyle factors, and other variables, the NHS and NHS II continue to contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between exogenous hormones and health outcomes in women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.