Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27459449›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of public health2016

Diet, Lifestyle, Biomarkers, Genetic Factors, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Nurses' Health Studies.

Edward Yu, Eric Rimm, Lu Qi, Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M Albert, Qi Sun, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu, JoAnn E Manson

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00005152 active not recruitingnot on this map

Nurses' Health Study (Cardiovascular Component)

TypeobservationalSponsorBrigham and Women's HospitalRan1980 to 2029Enrolled121,700ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Disease, Heart Diseases
NCT03328546 completednot on this map

Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes (Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Endocrine, Neurological, Skeletal Muscular, Cancer)

TypeobservationalSponsorHarvard School of Public Health (HSPH)Ran1989 to 2018Enrolled116,671ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Metabolic Disease, NeoplasmsArmsDietary intake
NCT07065955 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effects of the Longevity Diet and the Fasting-mimicking Diet on Body Composition, Risk Factors for Age-related Diseases

TypeobservationalSponsorFondazione Valter LongoRan2019 to 2024Enrolled365ConditionsOverweight, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Autoimmune DiseasesArmsLongevity diet alone or in combination with fasting mimicking diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2025
    Article
  13. Review
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  18. Observational
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14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Edward YuEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Eric RimmEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Lu QiEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Kathryn RexrodeEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Christine M AlbertEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Qi SunEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Walter C WillettEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Frank B HuEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
JoAnn E MansonEdward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.

Funding

RISK FACTORS FOR CVD IN WOMENR01HL034594 · NHLBI · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI JoAnn Elisabeth Manson, Lu Qi · 1985 to 2026
$13.8M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL034594
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women.

methodsWe performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016.

resultsDiets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shift work, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies.

conclusionsThe NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.

Indexed as

DietLife StyleNursesAdultBiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesEpidemiologic StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesWomen's HealthBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID27459449
PMCPMC4981798

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.