ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2016
Paracoccin Induces M1 Polarization of Macrophages via Interaction with TLR4.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between 896A/G (rs4986790) polymorphism ofFrontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Lipopolysaccharide-induced M1-type Macrophages Enhance T Cell Activity and Promote the Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 in pancreatic damage and immune infiltration in acute pancreatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Role of paracoccin onVirulence · 2023Article
- Palmitic acid combined with γ-interferon inhibits gastric cancer progression by modulating tumor-associated macrophages' polarization via the TLR4 pathway.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunological mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and polarization in schistosomiasis.Parasitology · 2023Review
- Article
- Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) treatment enhances wound closure and tissue regeneration.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of IL-17-Producing Cells in Cutaneous Fungal Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- VirulenceFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Current Status on Extracellular Vesicles from the Dimorphic Pathogenic Species of Paracoccidioides.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- iNOS/Arginase-1 expression in the pulmonary tissue over time duringInnate immunity · 2020Article
- The lectin-specific activity of Toxoplasma gondii microneme proteins 1 and 4 binds Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 N-glycans to regulate innate immune priming.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Human neutrophils are targets to paracoccin, a lectin expressed by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2018Article
- Impact of Paracoccin Gene Silencing onmBio · 2017Article
- Involvement of Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase in the Phagocytosis and Killing ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced M1 polarization in vitro.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Lectins fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fungal human pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis contains paracoccin (PCN), a multi-domain protein that has lectin and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities, which account for its effects on the growth and morphogenesis of the fungus and on the activation of host macrophages through its interaction with TLR N-glycans. With the purpose of detailing the knowledge on the effects of PCN on macrophages, we used recombinant PCN expressed in Pichia pastoris (p-rPCN) to stimulate isolated murine peritoneal macrophages. The activation of these cells manifested through the release of high levels of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-12p40, and IL-6. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages stimulated with p-rPCN increased the relative expression of STAT1, SOCS3, and iNOS2 mRNA (M1 polarization markers). However, the expression of Arginase-1, Ym-1, and FIZZ1 (M2 polarization markers) remained at basal levels. Interestingly, the observed M1 macrophages' polarization triggered by p-rPCN was abolished in cells obtained from knockout Toll-like receptor-4 mice. In this case, the p-rPCN-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators was blocked too. These results demonstrate that the classical activation of macrophages induced by paracoccin depends on TLR4. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that paracoccin acts as a TLR agonist able to modulate immunity and exerts biological activities that favor its applicability as an immunotherapeutic agent to combat systemic fungal infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.