Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27458426›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in neurology2016

Longitudinal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging CO2 Stress Testing in Individual Adolescent Sports-Related Concussion Patients: A Pilot Study.

W Alan C Mutch, Michael J Ellis, Lawrence N Ryner, Marc P Morissette, Philip J Pries, Brenden Dufault, Marco Essig, David J Mikulis, James Duffin, Joseph A Fisher

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Cerebrovascular reactivity delay measured by blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging and gas challenges: A systematic review.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Persistent COJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021
    Article
  8. Impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity in response to hypercapnic challenge in a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Persistent alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity in response to hypercapnia following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  19. Article
  20. Patient-Specific Alterations in COFrontiers in neurology · 2018
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

W Alan C MutchDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canada North Concussion Network, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Michael J EllisUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canada North Concussion Network, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Section of Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Pan Am Concussion Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Lawrence N RynerUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canada North Concussion Network, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Marc P MorissettePan Am Concussion Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Philip J PriesUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Brenden DufaultUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Marco EssigUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canada North Concussion Network, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Pan Am Concussion Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
David J MikulisDepartment of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network Cerebrovascular Reactivity Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
James DuffinUniversity Health Network Cerebrovascular Reactivity Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Joseph A FisherUniversity Health Network Cerebrovascular Reactivity Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdvanced neuroimaging studies in concussion have been limited to detecting group differences between concussion patients and healthy controls. In this small pilot study, we used brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) CO2 stress testing to longitudinally assess cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) in individual sports-related concussion (SRC) patients.

methodsSix SRC patients (three males and three females; mean age = 15.7, range = 15-17 years) underwent longitudinal brain MRI CO2 stress testing using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI and model-based prospective end-tidal CO2 targeting under isoxic conditions. First-level and second-level comparisons were undertaken using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to score the scans and compare them to an atlas of 24 healthy control subjects.

resultsAll tests were well tolerated and without any serious adverse events. Anatomical MRI was normal in all study participants. The CO2 stimulus was consistent between the SRC patients and control subjects and within SRC patients across the longitudinal study. Individual SRC patients demonstrated both quantitative and qualitative patient-specific alterations in CVR (p < 0.005) that correlated strongly with clinical findings, and that persisted beyond clinical recovery.

conclusionStandardized brain MRI CO2 stress testing is capable of providing a longitudinal assessment of CVR in individual SRC patients. Consequently, larger prospective studies are needed to examine the utility of brain MRI CO2 stress testing as a clinical tool to help guide the evaluation, classification, and longitudinal management of SRC patients.

Indexed as

adolescentblood oxygen level-dependent imagingcerebrovascular reactivitylongitudinalmagnetic resonance imagingpost-concussion syndromesports-related concussion

Identifiers

PMID27458426
PMCPMC4937024

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.