ReviewCurrent medicinal chemistry2016
Xanthine Oxidoreductase in Drug Metabolism: Beyond a Role as a Detoxifying Enzyme.
Review in Current medicinal chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- A metabolomic analysis of thiol response for standard and modified N-acetyl cysteine treatment regimens in patients with acetaminophen overdose.Clinical and translational science · 2021Trial
- Personalized Therapy with Mercaptopurine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Current Advances and Challenges.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Exploring the relationship between XDH gene variants and serum urate and xanthine dehydrogenase levels in gout.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Xanthine oxidoreductase activity in MASLD: links to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Continuous assay for the dNTP triphosphohydrolase of activated SAMHD1.Analytical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Ischemic stroke neuroprotection revisited: translational barriers and a phase-resolved, biomarker-anchored framework.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis by Varenicline and Infliximab as a Continuous Disease Spectrum with Two Different Flares: Acute Liver Injury Followed by Hepatic Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Green tea's secret weapon: a review on the protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against ischemia/reperfusion damage.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Effects of Different Rearing Methods on the Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Metabolites, and Gut Microbiota of Lueyang Black-Bone Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Xanthine Oxidoreductase: A Double-Edged Sword in Neurological Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Implication of xanthine oxidoreductase in oxidative stress-related chronic diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Oxidative Processes and Xenobiotic Metabolism in Plants: Mechanisms of Defense and Potential Therapeutic Implications.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Integrated Microbiome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Hypothalamic-Comorbidities Related Signatures in Craniopharyngioma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Interaction of Tri-Cyclic Nucleobase Analogs with Enzymes of Purine Metabolism: Xanthine Oxidase and Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Method for assessing the content of molybdenum enzymes in the internal organs of fish.MethodsX · 2024Article
- Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways in Vitamins, Polyphenols, and Selenium: Parallels and Divergences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Glutathione and Xanthine Metabolic Changes in Tamoxifen Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Lines are Mediated by Down-Regulation ofJournal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Past, present and future of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: design strategies, structural and pharmacological insights, patents and clinical trials.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Does the Micronutrient Molybdenum Have a Role in Gestational Complications and Placental Health?Nutrients · 2023Review
- Adenylosuccinic Acid: An Orphan Drug with Untapped Potential.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the last two steps of purine catabolism in the highest uricotelic primates. XOR is an enzyme with dehydrogenase activity that, in mammals, may be converted into oxidase activity under a variety of pathophysiologic conditions. XOR activity is highly regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels and may generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which trigger different consequences, ranging from cytotoxicity to inflammation. The low specificity for substrates allows XOR to metabolize a number of endogenous metabolites and a variety of exogenous compounds, including drugs. The present review focuses on the role of XOR as a drug-metabolizing enzyme, specifically for drugs with anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive or vasodilator activities, as well as drugs acting on metabolism or inducing XOR expression. XOR has an activating role that is essential to the pharmacological action of quinone drugs, cyadox, antiviral nucleoside analogues, allopurinol, nitrate and nitrite. XOR activity has a degradation function toward thiopurine nucleotides, pyrazinoic acid, methylxanthines and tolbutamide, whose half-life may be prolonged by the use of XOR inhibitors. In conclusion, to avoid potential drug interaction risks, such as a toxic excess of drug bioavailability or a loss of drug efficacy, caution is suggested in the use of XOR inhibitors, as in the case of hyperuricemic patients affected by gout or tumor lysis syndrome, when it is necessary to simultaneously administer therapeutic substances that are activated or degraded by the drug-metabolizing activity of XOR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.