ArticleScientific reports2016
Viperin inhibits rabies virus replication via reduced cholesterol and sphingomyelin and is regulated upstream by TLR4.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of an Antiviral Electron Transfer Process to Create Catalytically Self-Sufficient Viral Restriction Factors.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Viperin suppresses goose astrovirus type 2 replication through inhibition of viral RdRP activity.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Beyond Viral Restriction: The Metabolic Dimensions of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Antiviral Immunity.Viruses · 2026Review
- Structural insights from active site variants and β-8 loop interactions in viperin-like enzymes.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2025Article
- Viperin: A Multifunctional Protein in Antiviral Immunity and Disease Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Increased viperin expression induced by avian infectious bronchitis virus inhibits viral replication by restricting cholesterol synthesis: an in vitro study.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Rabies Virus Infection Causes Pyroptosis of Neuronal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Apolipoprotein D facilitates rabies virus propagation by interacting with G protein and upregulating cholesterol.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Human BST2 inhibits rabies virus release independently of cysteine-linked dimerization and asparagine-linked glycosylation.PloS one · 2023Article
- Viperin deficiency promotes dendritic cell activation and function via NF-kappaB activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Article
- Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Radical-SAM dependent nucleotide dehydratase (SAND), rectification of the names of an ancient iron-sulfur enzyme using NC-IUBMB recommendations.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Viperin has species-specific roles in response to herpes simplex virus infection.The Journal of general virology · 2021Article
- Expression Profiling and Bioinformatics Analysis of CircRNA in Mice Brain Infected with Rabies Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade?Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Sphingomyelin Is Essential for the Structure and Function of the Double-Membrane Vesicles in Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication Factories.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Interferon-Inducible GTPase 1 Impedes the Dimerization of Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein and Restricts Viral Replication.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Viperin Reveals Its True Function.Annual review of virology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viperin (virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, IFN-inducible) is an interferon-inducible protein that mediates antiviral activity. Generally, rabies virus (RABV) multiplies extremely well in susceptible cells, leading to high virus titres. In this study, we found that viperin was significantly up-regulated in macrophage RAW264.7 cells but not in NA, BHK-21 or BSR cells. Transient viperin overexpression in BSR cells and stable expression in BHK-21 cells could inhibit RABV replication, including both attenuated and street RABV. Furthermore, the inhibitory function of viperin was related to reduce cholesterol/sphingomyelin on the membranes of RAW264.7 cells. We explored the up-stream regulation pathway of viperin in macrophage RAW264.7 cells in the context of RABV infection. An experiment confirmed that a specific Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, TAK-242, could inhibit viperin expression in RABV-infected RAW264.7 cells. These results support a regulatory role for TLR4. Geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) (by inhibiting heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) of the IRF3 phosphorylation chaperone), significantly delayed and reduced viperin expression, indicating that IRF3 is involved in viperin induction in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, our data support the therapeutic potential for viperin to inhibit RABV replication, which appears to involve upstream regulation by TLR4.
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