ReviewDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2016
Lipodystrophy in Insulin-Treated Subjects and Other Injection-Site Skin Reactions: Are We Sure Everything is Clear?
Review in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Hypoglycaemia Metrics With Once-Weekly Basal Insulin Fc Versus Insulin Degludec: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Cutaneous Adverse Effects From Diabetes Devices in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review.JMIR dermatology · 2024Pooled it
- Glucose-Responsive Nanomedicine in Diabetes Therapy: Emerging Advances and Clinical Prospects.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Mechanical Shunt Catheter Injury From Repeated Insulin Injections in a Diabetic Patient.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Small Intestine-Targeted Long-Acting Oral Insulin Formulation Based on Engineered Milk Protein Nanoparticles.ACS applied bio materials · 2026Article
- Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review.Drugs · 2026Review
- Development of a diagnostic model of insulin-related lipohypertrophy for patients with diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Dermatologic Implications of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Medications.Skin appendage disorders · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled TechnosphereDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Once-weekly insulin icodec vs. daily insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis with longitudinal insights.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Once-weekly Basal Insulin Fc versus daily insulin degludec for glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- A Closer Look at the Dermatological Profile of GLP-1 Agonists.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Insulin-Induced Lipohypertrophy Treated With Liposuction: A Review of Case Reports.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Unmet needs in the treatment of type 1 diabetes: why is it so difficult to achieve an improvement in metabolic control?Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Review
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of weekly Insulin Icodec vs. Daily Insulin Glargine in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Recent advances in oral insulin delivery technologies.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Lipohypertrophy and Insulin: An Update From the Diabetes Technology Society.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Immunologic and nonimmunologic sclerodermal skin conditions - review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- From an Apple to a Pear: Moving Fat around for Reversing Insulin Resistance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Type 1 diabetes and engineering enhanced islet transplantation.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Physicians and patients have long been aware of skin lesions at the sites of insulin injections, referred to as lipodystrophy that can present as lipoatrophy (LA) or lipohypertrophy (LH). However, the reported prevalence of these different skin lesions varies widely, emphasizing the need for a correct identification method. In this short review we discuss LA and LH and also take into account other skin lesions, such as bruising, as well as different needle injuries, including those associated with the subcutaneous injection of pegvisomant (a drug aimed at counteracting the high levels of growth hormone associated with acromegaly), long-acting exenatide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist), and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha biologic agents (used against Crohn's disease). In these latter cases specific studies are warranted to understand the pathophysiological background and possible prevention. However, the most common lesion is still insulin injection site-related LD, so a strong effort has to be made to avoid the confusion generated by previously misleading classifications which were barely able to reliably distinguish between LA and LH.
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