Observational studyBMC nephrology2016
Differential impact of smoking on mortality and kidney transplantation among adult Men and Women undergoing dialysis.
Observational study in BMC nephrology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of lipid profiles and risk factors on all-cause mortality in males and females: insights from a Turkish cohort study.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Cost-utility analysis of pharmacogenomics-guided tacrolimus treatment of Slovenian patients undergoing kidney transplantation in the U-PGx PREPARE study.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of tobacco use in dialysis patients in France and survey of nephrologists' involvement in counseling on tobacco discontinuation.Journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Scalable Algorithms for Large Competing Risks Data.Journal of computational and graphical statistics : a joint publication of American Statistical Association, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Interface Foundation of North America · 2021Article
- Race and Mortality in CKD and Dialysis: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe extent to which smoking contributes to adverse outcomes among men and women of all ages undergoing dialysis is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the differential impact of smoking on risks of mortality and kidney transplantation by age and by sex at dialysis initiation.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort of incident U.S dialysis patients (n = 1, 220, 000) from 1995-2010. Age- and sex-specific mortality and kidney transplantation rates were determined for patients with and without a history of cardiovascular disease. Multivariable Cox regression evaluated relative hazard ratios (HR) for death and kidney transplantation at 2 years stratified by atherosclerotic condition, smoking status and age. Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, non-cardiovascular conditions, laboratory variables, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.
resultsThe average age was 62.8 (±15) years old, 54 % were male, and the majority was white. During 2-year follow-up, 40.5 % died and 5.7 % were transplanted. Age- and sex-specific mortality rates were significantly higher while transplantation rates were significantly lower for smokers with atherosclerotic conditions than non-smokers (P < 0.01). The adjusted mortality hazards were significantly higher for smokers with pre-existing coronary disease (HR 1.15, 95 % CI (1.11-1.18), stroke (HR 1.21, 1.16-1.27) and peripheral vascular disease (HR = 1.21, 1.17-1.25) compared to non-smokers without these conditions (HR 1.00, referent group). The magnitude of effect was greatest for younger patients than older patients. Contrastingly, the adjusted risks of kidney transplantation were significantly lower for smokers with coronary disease: (HR 0.60, 0.52-0.69), stroke; (HR 0.47, 0.37-0.60), and peripheral arterial disease (HR 0.55, 0.46-0.66) respectively compared to non-smokers without these conditions.
conclusionsWe provide compelling evidence that smoking is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and reduced lifespans among dialysis patients of all ages and sexes. The adverse impact is greatest for younger men and women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.