Trial reportTrials2016
Varied flushing frequency and volume to prevent peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a pilot, factorial randomised controlled trial in adult medical-surgical hospital patients.
Trial report in Trials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04046770 (Innovative Device for Intravenous Administration), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Innovative Device for Intravenous Administration
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized clinical trial analyzing maintenance of peripheral venous catheters in an internal medicine unit: Heparin vs. saline.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Optimization of flushing strategies to minimize dilution of high-concentration radiopharmaceuticals in intravenous tubing.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Infection risk of peripheral intravenous catheters: meta-synthesis of 18 prospective studies with 14,606 catheters.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Evaluating pulsatile flushing by pushing method and catheter size for educating nurses on peripheral vascular patency: a computational fluid dynamics simulation analysis.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Flushing peripheral intravenous catheters: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Placement, management and complications associated with peripheral intravenous catheter use in UK small animal practice.The Journal of small animal practice · 2025Article
- Risk factors for peripheral venous catheter failure: A prospective cohort study of 5345 patients.The journal of vascular access · 2022Article
- Comparing the Effects of Pulsatile and Continuous Flushing on Time and Type of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters Patency: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of caring sciences · 2021Article
- Study Protocol for Two-Steps Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial: Pre-Clinical Usability Tests for a New Double-Chamber Syringe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The flushing procedure in nursing practices: A cross-sectional study with Portuguese and Brazilian nurses.Heliyon · 2020Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch has identified high failure rates of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) and varied flushing practices.
methodsThis is a single-centre, pilot, non-masked, factorial randomised controlled trial. Participants were adults, with a PIVC of expected use ≥24 hours (n = 160), admitted to general medical or surgical wards of a tertiary referral hospital in Queensland (Australia). Patients were randomly allocated to one of four flush groups using manually prepared syringes and 0.9 % sodium chloride: 10 mL or 3 mL flush, every 24 or 6 hours. The primary endpoint was PIVC failure, a composite measure of occlusion, infiltration, accidental dislodgement and phlebitis.
resultsPIVC average dwell was 3.1 days. PIVC failure rates per 1000 hours were not significantly different for the volume intervention (4.84 [3 mL] versus 7.44 [10 mL], p = 0.06, log-rank). PIVC failure rates per 1000 hours were also not significantly different for the frequency intervention (5.06 [24 hour] versus 7.34 [6 hour], p = 0.05, log-rank). Cox proportional hazard regression found neither the flushing nor frequency intervention, or their interaction (p = 0.21) to be significantly associated with PIVC failure. However, female gender (hazard ratio [HR] 2.2 [1.3-3.6], p < 0.01), insertion in hand/posterior wrist (HR 1.7 [1.0-2.7], p < 0.05) and the rate per day of PIVC access (combined flushes and medication pushes) (HR 1.2 [1.1-1.4], p < 0.01) significantly predicted PIVC failure.
conclusionNeither increased flushing volume nor frequency significantly altered the risk of PIVC failure. Female gender, hand/posterior wrist placement and episodes of access (flushes and medication) may be more important. Larger, definitive trials are feasible and required.
trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615000025538 . Registered on 19 January 2015.
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