ReviewNutrients2016
Emerging Evidence for the Importance of Dietary Protein Source on Glucoregulatory Markers and Type 2 Diabetes: Different Effects of Dairy, Meat, Fish, Egg, and Plant Protein Foods.
Review in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Functional Fortified Dairy Products in Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- No effects of high-The British journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Postprandial effects of a whey protein-based multi-ingredient nutritional drink compared with a normal breakfast on glucose, insulin, and active GLP-1 response among type 2 diabetic subjects: a crossover randomised controlled trial.Journal of nutritional science · 2021Trial
- Postprandial amino acid, glucose and insulin responses among healthy adults after a single intake ofJournal of nutritional science · 2019Trial
- Macronutrient Composition and Food Form Affect Glucose and Insulin Responses in Humans.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- The Interplay Between PMOS and MASLD: Pathophysiology and Evidence-Based Nutritional Interventions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Association between protein intake and sources in mid-pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Associations across food consumption, diabetes prevalence and the environmental impacts: Evidence from China.PloS one · 2025Article
- Antidiabetic Properties of the Root Extracts of Dandelion (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dietary total, plant, and animal protein intake in relation to cardiovascular outcomes and inflammatory factors in elderly men: A cross-sectional study.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Ingestion of 'whole cell' or 'split cell'Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Plant-based alternative proteins-are they nutritionally more advantageous?European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- RETRACTED: An Evolutionary Strategy for Spawning Habitat Selection byAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Benefits of Whey Proteins on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Parameters and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The Effect of Soy and Whey Protein Supplementation on Glucose Homeostasis in Healthy Normal Weight Asian Indians.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2023Article
- The Association between Methionine Intake and Diabetes in Chinese Adults-Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- In Vivo and In Vitro Comparison of the DPP-IV Inhibitory Potential of Food Proteins from Different Origins after Gastrointestinal Digestion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Observational studies provide evidence that a higher intake of protein from plant-based foods and certain animal-based foods is associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes. However, there are few distinguishable differences between the glucoregulatory qualities of the proteins in plant-based foods, and it is likely their numerous non-protein components (e.g., fibers and phytochemicals) that drive the relationship with type 2 diabetes risk reduction. Conversely, the glucoregulatory qualities of the proteins in animal-based foods are extremely divergent, with a higher intake of certain animal-based protein foods showing negative effects, and others showing neutral or positive effects on type 2 diabetes risk. Among the various types of animal-based protein foods, a higher intake of dairy products (such as milk, yogurt, cheese and whey protein) consistently shows a beneficial relationship with glucose regulation and/or type 2 diabetes risk reduction. Intervention studies provide evidence that dairy proteins have more potent effects on insulin and incretin secretion compared to other commonly consumed animal proteins. In addition to their protein components, such as insulinogenic amino acids and bioactive peptides, dairy products also contain a food matrix rich in calcium, magnesium, potassium, trans-palmitoleic fatty acids, and low-glycemic index sugars-all of which have been shown to have beneficial effects on aspects of glucose control, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and/or type 2 diabetes risk. Furthermore, fermentation and fortification of dairy products with probiotics and vitamin D may improve a dairy product's glucoregulatory effects.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.