ArticlePloS one2016
Early Phthalates Exposure in Pregnant Women Is Associated with Alteration of Thyroid Hormones.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-dependent vulnerability to early-life phthalates exposure and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Phthalate Exposures and Placental Health in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Pooled it
- Phthalate exposure and female reproductive and developmental outcomes: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2019Pooled it
- Association Between Diethylhexyl Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Function: A Meta-Analysis.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Web-Based Educational eHealth Platform on Women's Health Literacy About Phthalate Exposure: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Review
- Review
- Gestational phthalate exposure and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children with increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorder.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Endocrine Disruptors in Pregnancy: Effects on Mothers and Fetuses-A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Disrupted Prenatal Metabolism May Explain the Etiology of Suboptimal Neurodevelopment: A Focus on Phthalates and Micronutrients and their Relationship to Autism Spectrum Disorder.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
- Phthalates and sex steroid hormones across the perimenopausal period: A longitudinal analysis of the Midlife Women's Health Study.Environment international · 2024Article
- Association of diethylhexyl phthalate exposure with serum thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2024Review
- Current Evidence on Bisphenol A Exposure and the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Related Pathological Conditions.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Maternal Serum and Placental Metabolomes in Association with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the MARBLES Cohort.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Sex Differences between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Taiwan Biobank Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prenatal phthalates, gestational weight gain, and long-term weight changes among Mexican women.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Associations between Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Women-Tainan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effect of Radioimmunoassay on Accuracy of Thyroid Hormone Detection.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Article
- Trimester-specific phthalate exposures in pregnancy are associated with circulating metabolites in children.PloS one · 2022Article
- Intrauterine exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) disrupts the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis of the F1 rats during adult life.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPrevious studies revealed that phthalate exposure could alter thyroid hormones during the last trimester of pregnancy. However, thyroid hormones are crucial for fetal development during the first trimester. We aimed to clarify the effect of phthalate exposure on thyroid hormones during early pregnancy.
methodWe recruited 97 pregnant women who were offered an amniocentesis during the early trimester from an obstetrics clinic in southern Taiwan from 2013 to 2014. After signing an informed consent form, we collected amniotic fluid and urine samples from pregnant women to analyze 11 metabolites, including mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-butyl phthalate (MnBP), of 9 phthalates using liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. We collected blood samples from each subject to analyze serum thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4), free T4, and thyroid-binding globulin (TBG).
resultsThree phthalate metabolites were discovered to be >80% in the urine samples of the pregnant women: MEP (88%), MnBP (81%) and MECPP (86%). Median MnBP and MECPP levels in pregnant Taiwanese women were 21.5 and 17.6 μg/g-creatinine, respectively, that decreased after the 2011 Taiwan DEHP scandal. Results of principal component analysis suggested two major sources (DEHP and other phthalates) of phthalates exposure in pregnant women. After adjusting for age, gestational age, TBG, urinary creatinine, and other phthalate metabolites, we found a significantly negative association between urinary MnBP levels and serum T4 (β = -5.41; p-value = 0.012; n = 97) in pregnant women using Bonferroni correction.
conclusionWe observed a potential change in the thyroid hormones of pregnant women during early pregnancy after DnBP exposure. Additional study is necessitated to clarify these associations.
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