ArticleAIDS (London, England)2016
Viral load criteria and threshold optimization to improve HIV incidence assay characteristics.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Pooled it
- The HIV Genomic Incidence Assay Meets False Recency Rate and Mean Duration of Recency Infection Performance Standards.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Recently acquired infection among HIV-seropositive donors in the US from 2010-2018.Transfusion · 2020Trial
- Cross-sectional estimates revealed high HIV incidence in Botswana rural communities in the era of successful ART scale-up in 2013-2015.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Recent HIV infection among women and men enrolling to care in urban clinics in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus recency testing coverage and partner-notification-services among people-living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Establishment, Implementation, Initial Outcomes, and Lessons Learned from Recent HIV Infection Surveillance Using a Rapid Test for Recent Infection Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV in Thailand: Implementation Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- An enhanced cross-sectional HIV incidence estimator that incorporates prior HIV test results.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- The impact of non-disclosure of HIV status and antiretroviral therapy on HIV recency testing and incidence algorithms.Vox sanguinis · 2024Article
- Impact of national commissioning of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on equity of access in England: a PrEP-to-need ratio investigation.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- Likelihood-based inferences for active-arm trial with counterfactual incidence based on recency assay.Statistical communications in infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Evidence of HIV incidence reduction in young women, but not in adolescent girls, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.IJID regions · 2023Article
- Probabilistic HIV recency classification-a logistic regression without labeled individual level training data.The annals of applied statistics · 2023Article
- HIV incidence estimation among female sex workers in South Africa: a multiple methods analysis of cross-sectional survey data.The lancet. HIV · 2022Article
- Recent HIV Infection: Diagnosis and Public Health Implications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Recent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Transgender Women, and Genderqueer Individuals with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection in Zimbabwe: Results from a Respondent-Driven Sampling Survey.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Article
- A systematic review of limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay for detection of recent HIV-1 infection to expand supported applications.Journal of virus eradication · 2022Review
- The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Statistical considerations for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation based on recency test.Statistics in medicine · 2022Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAssays for classifying HIV infections as 'recent' or 'nonrecent' for incidence surveillance fail to simultaneously achieve large mean durations of 'recent' infection (MDRIs) and low 'false-recent' rates (FRRs), particularly in virally suppressed persons. The potential for optimizing recent infection testing algorithms (RITAs), by introducing viral load criteria and tuning thresholds used to dichotomize quantitative measures, is explored.
designThe Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays characterized over 2000 possible RITAs constructed from seven assays (Limiting Antigen, BED, Less-sensitive Vitros, Vitros Avidity, BioRad Avidity, Architect Avidity, and Geenius) applied to 2500 diverse specimens.
methodsMDRIs were estimated using regression, and FRRs as observed 'recent' proportions, in various specimen sets. Context-specific FRRs were estimated for hypothetical scenarios. FRRs were made directly comparable by constructing RITAs with the same MDRI through the tuning of thresholds. RITA utility was summarized by the precision of incidence estimation.
resultsAll assays produce high FRRs among treated patients and elite controllers (10-80%). Viral load testing reduces FRRs, but diminishes MDRIs. Context-specific FRRs vary substantially by scenario - BioRad Avidity and Limiting Antigen provided the lowest FRRs and highest incidence precision in scenarios considered.
conclusionThe introduction of a low viral load threshold provides crucial improvements in RITAs. However, it does not eliminate nonzero FRRs, and MDRIs must be consistently estimated. The tuning of thresholds is essential for comparing and optimizing the use of assays. The translation of directly measured FRRs into context-specific FRRs critically affects their magnitudes and our understanding of the utility of assays.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.