Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27453614›Full record

ArticleClimatic change2016

Vulnerability to Renal, Heat and Respiratory Hospitalizations During Extreme Heat Among U.S. Elderly.

Carina J Gronlund, Antonella Zanobetti, Gregory A Wellenius, Joel D Schwartz, Marie S O'Neill

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Climatic change, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. The impact of heat and cold events on direct, indirect, and intangible healthcare costs: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
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  5. Excess risk of heat-related hospitalization associated with temperature and PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carina J GronlundUniversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI.
Antonella ZanobettiHarvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA.
Gregory A WelleniusBrown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI.
Joel D SchwartzHarvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA.
Marie S O'NeillUniversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI.

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES000002 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI Gary Adamkiewicz · 1985 to 2026
$44.6M
University of Michigan ERC-supplement (TRT)T42OH008455 · OH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI NEITZEL, RICHARD L · 2005 to 2025
$32.3M
Interdisciplinary Research Training on Health and AgingT32AG027708 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Lindsay C Kobayashi, Briana Mezuk · 2008 to 2026
$2.7M
Reducing Social Disparities of Heatwave Impacts in a Changing ClimateR18EH000348 · EH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI O'NEILL, MARIE SYLVIA · 2008 to 2010
$1.3M
Mechanisms of Air Pollution Health Effects in Subjects with Heart FailureR00ES015774 · NIEHS · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI WELLENIUS, GREGORY A · 2009 to 2011
$747k
Individual& community factors conveying vulnerability to weather extremesR21ES020695 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI SCHWARTZ, JOEL D · 2011 to 2012
$445k
Chronic effects of weather fluctuations: population susceptibility and adaptationR21ES024012 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ZANOBETTI, ANTONELLA · 2014 to 2015
$445k
Climate change and health: residential energy-efficiency for comfort and equityR21ES020156 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI O'NEILL, MARIE SYLVIA · 2012 to 2013
$418k
Mechanisms of Air Pollution Health Effects in Subjects with Heart FailureK99ES015774 · NIEHS · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI WELLENIUS, GREGORY A · 2007 to 2008
$175k
ACL HHS T42OH008455NCEH CDC HHS R18 EH000348NIA NIH HHS T32 AG027708NIEHS NIH HHS K99 ES015774NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES000002NIEHS NIH HHS R00 ES015774NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES020156NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES020695NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES024012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExtreme heat (EH) is a growing concern with climate change, and protecting human health requires knowledge of vulnerability factors. We evaluated whether associations between EH (maximum temperature > 97th percentile) and hospitalization for renal, heat and respiratory diseases among people ≥ 65 years differed by individual and area-level characteristics.

methodsWe used Medicare billing records, airport weather data, U.S. Census data and satellite land cover imagery in 109 US cities, May-September, 1992-2006, in a time-stratified case-crossover design. Interaction terms between EH and individual (> 78 years, black race, sex) and home ZIP-code (percentages of non-green space, high school education, housing built before 1940) characteristics were incorporated in a single model. Next, we pooled city-specific effect estimates or regressed them on quartiles of air conditioning prevalence (ACP) in a multivariate random effects meta-analysis.

resultsEH and combined renal/heat/respiratory hospitalization associations were stronger among blacks, the very old, in ZIP codes with lower educational attainment or older housing and in cities with lower ACP. For example, for EH versus non-heat days, we found a 15% (95% CI 11%-19%) increase in renal/heat/respiratory hospitalizations among individuals in ZIP codes with higher percent of older homes in contrast to a 9% (95% CI 6%-12%) increase in hospitalizations in ZIP codes with lower percent older homes.

conclusionVulnerability to EH-associated hospitalization may be influenced by age, educational attainment, housing age and ACP.

Indexed as

climate changeheat waveshospital admissionsmorbiditytemperature

Identifiers

PMID27453614
PMCPMC4956383

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.