ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2016
Sex-Specific Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Retinal Microvascular Signs: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction: A systematic review from a clinical perspective.Journal of sleep research · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on Retinal Vasculature in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A 7-Year Follow-Up.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- [Development of an OCTA-based risk prediction model for retinopathy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- The ZJU index is associated with the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Chinese middle-aged and older people: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Article
- Characterization of retinal microvasculature and structure in atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertensive microvascular disease: a cross-sectional observational cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Other Sleep Parameters and Diabetic Retinopathy.Current diabetes reports · 2021Review
- Association of Retinal Microvascular Signs with Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2021Article
- Targeting subclinical organ damage in obstructive sleep apnea: a narrative review.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Review
- Associations of Sleep Measures with Retinal Microvascular Diameters among Police Officers.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2020Article
- Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Bichannel Convolutional Neural Network.Journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Association between Neck Circumference and the Risk of Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in the General Population of China: A Cross-Sectional Study.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Gender differences in the influence of obstructive sleep apnea on optic nerve head circulation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- CPAP Therapy Delays Cardiovagal Reactivation and Decreases Arterial Renin-Angiotensin System Activity in Humans With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2018Article
- The Study of Neurocognitive Outcomes, Radiological and Retinal Effects of Aspirin in Sleep Apnoea- rationale and methodology of the SNORE-ASA study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2018Article
- Retinal vascular changes and right ventricular structure and function: the MESA-Right Ventricle and MESA-Eye studies.Pulmonary circulationArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition affecting more men than women. The relationship of OSA with microvascular disease is unclear, complicated by possible sex difference. Assessment of the relationship of OSA with retinal microvascular signs in men and women may provide insights into such a relationship. METHODS AND
resultsWe examined the sex-specific cross-sectional association of OSA severity with retinal vascular calibers in 1808 participants, and with specific retinopathy signs in 1831 participants from a sample of 2060 participants aged 54 to 93 years who underwent successful polysomnography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2010-2012. OSA severity was defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (events/h) as none (<5), mild (5-14.9), moderate (15-29.9), and severe (≥30). As compared to no OSA, moderate/severe OSA in men was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing (odds ratio [OR] and 95% CI for the narrowest quartile: 1.65 [1.00-2.71]) and retinal venular widening (1.80 [1.07-3.04] for the widest quartile), but not in women (odds ratio: 1.10 [0.67-1.81] and 0.91 [0.58-1.43], respectively) after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, pack-years of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension duration, diabetes mellitus duration, HbA1c levels, lipid profile, micro-/macroalbuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, β-blockers use, antihypertensive therapy, and lipid-lowering therapy. In contrast, severe OSA was associated with retinal microaneurysms in women, but not in men (odds ratio: 3.22 [1.16-8.97] and 0.59 [0.27-1.30], respectively).
conclusionsThe associations of OSA severity with retinal microvascular signs may differ by sex. Whether these findings were related to sex differences in OSA exposure needs further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.