ArticleJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research2017
Skeletal Fluorosis Due To Inhalation Abuse of a Difluoroethane-Containing Computer Cleaner.
Article in Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skeletal Fluorosis: A Case Report of Rare Diagnosis of Computer-cleaner Toxicosis.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Skeletal fluorosis: an uncommon cause, yet a rescue treatment?Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Acute Refractory Hypocalcemia in a 51-Year-Old Male With a History of 1,1-Difluoroethane Inhalation.Cureus · 2021Article
- 1,1-Difluoroethane Detection Time in Blood after Inhalation Abuse Estimated by Monte Carlo PBPK Modeling.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Biomechanical Computed Tomography analysis (BCT) for clinical assessment of osteoporosis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Review
- Puffy hands and periosteal hyperostosis from inhalant abuse.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Inhaling Difluoroethane Computer Cleaner Resulting in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease.Case reports in nephrology · 2018Article
- Plasma Fluoride Level and Femoral Bone Mineral Density in Post-Menopausal Women.The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Skeletal fluorosis (SF) is endemic in many countries and millions of people are affected worldwide, whereas in the United States SF is rare with occasional descriptions of unique cases. We report a 28-year-old American man who was healthy until 2 years earlier when he gradually experienced difficulty walking and an abnormal gait, left hip pain, loss of mobility in his right wrist and forearm, and progressive deformities including enlargement of the digits of both hands. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of his lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and the one-third forearm revealed bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores of +6.2, +4.8, +3.0, and -0.2, respectively. Serum, urine, and bone fluoride levels were all elevated and ultimately explained by chronic sniffing abuse of a computer cleaner containing 1,1-difluoroethane. Our findings reflect SF due to the unusual cause of inhalation abuse of difluoroethane. Because this practice seems widespread, particularly in the young, there may be many more such cases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Registered trials
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