ArticleNeuropharmacology2016
Evaluation of first generation synthetic cannabinoids on binding at non-cannabinoid receptors and in a battery of in vivo assays in mice.
Article in Neuropharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurotoxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Cumyl-PINACA: An In Vitro Study on Rat Cortical Neurons and Astrocytes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Pharmacological Activity of Non-Cannabinoid Phytochemicals inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Acute Toxicity of Three Synthetic Cannabinoids: First In Vivo Preclinical Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Discriminating evidence - use and misuse of the drug-discrimination test in abuse potential assessment of novel CNS drugs.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Synthesis, Analytical Characterization, and Human CBBiomolecules · 2024Article
- A critical assessment of the abuse, dependence and associated safety risks of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoids.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists in male rats discriminating the synthetic cannabinoid AM2201.European journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Evaluating signaling bias for synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists at the cannabinoid CBPharmacology research & perspectives · 2023Article
- ΔDrug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Human Astrocyte Spheroids as Suitable In Vitro Screening Model to Evaluate Synthetic Cannabinoid MAM2201-Induced Effects on CNS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Correction to: The Potential Proconvulsant Effects of Cannabis: a Scoping Review.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2023Article
- Trends in hospital presentations following analytically confirmed synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist exposure before and after implementation of the 2016 UK Psychoactive Substances Act.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Observational
- Pharmacological affinity fingerprints derived from bioactivity data for the identification of designer drugs.Journal of cheminformatics · 2022Article
- Off-target pharmacological profiling of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists including AMB-FUBINACA, CUMYL-PINACA, PB-22, and XLR-11.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Spicy Story of Cannabimimetic Indoles.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- MAM-2201, One of the Most Potent-Naphthoyl Indole Derivative-Synthetic Cannabinoids, Exerts Toxic Effects on Human Cell-Based Models of Neurons and Astrocytes.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Optogenetic brain-stimulation reward: A new procedure to re-evaluate the rewarding versus aversive effects of cannabinoids in dopamine transporter-Cre mice.Addiction biology · 2021Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS). A New Threat for Young Drug Users with Forensic-Toxicological Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- In vitro and in vivo pharmacological evaluation of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist EG-018.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Positive Allosteric Modulation of the 5-HTACS chemical neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anecdotal reports suggest that abused synthetic cannabinoids produce cannabis-like "highs," but some of their effects may also differ from traditional cannabinoids such as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This study examined the binding affinities of first-generation indole-derived synthetic cannabinoids at cannabinoid and noncannabinoid receptors and their effects in a functional observational battery (FOB) and drug discrimination in mice. All seven compounds, except JWH-391, had favorable affinity (≤159 nM) for both cannabinoid receptors. In contrast, binding at noncannabinoid receptors was absent or weak. In the FOB, THC and the six active compounds disrupted behaviors in CNS activation and muscle tone/equilibrium domains. Unlike THC, however, synthetic cannabinoids impaired behavior across a wider dose and domain range, producing autonomic effects and signs of CNS excitability and sensorimotor reactivity. In addition, mice acquired JWH-018 discrimination, and THC and JWH-073 produced full substitution whereas the 5-HT2B antagonist mianserin did not substitute in mice trained to discriminate JWH-018 or THC. Urinary metabolite analysis showed that the compounds were extensively metabolized, with metabolites that could contribute to their in vivo effects. Together, these results show that, while first-generation synthetic cannabinoids shared some effects that were similar to those of THC, they also possessed effects that differed from traditional cannabinoids. The high nanomolar (or absent) affinities of these compounds at receptors for most major neurotransmitters suggests that these divergent effects may be related to the greater potencies and/or efficacies at CB1 receptors; however, action(s) at noncannabinoid receptors yet to be assessed or via different signaling pathways cannot be ruled out.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.