ReviewClinical therapeutics2016
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles of Anti-infective Dosing.
Review in Clinical therapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Together or Apart? Revealing the Impact of Dietary Interventions on Bioavailability of Quinolones: A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Pooled it
- What are the optimal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets for β-lactamase inhibitors? A systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- Dose optimization of β-lactams antibiotics in pediatrics and adults: A systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of Oral Amoxicillin for the Treatment of Syphilis in Pregnancy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Reported Dosing-Related Medication Errors Involving Systemic Antibiotics in the Brazilian Pharmacovigilance Database (2018-2025): Distribution Across the WHO AWaRe Classification.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Current and emerging biomaterials for targeted drug delivery in osteomyelitis management.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Healthy Young-Adult and Geriatric Horses.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Optimizing intravenous amoxicillin for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- The Pharmacology of Bacterial Persistence: From Antibiotic Tolerance to Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A novel meropenem dosing strategy for Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT): a pilot pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in non-critically ill patients.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Carbadox, a veterinary growth promoter exhibits anticlostridial activity through induction of oxidative stress in Clostridioides difficile.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- A population pharmacokinetic study of ampicillin therapy in hospitalized foals.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Co-evolution of resistance and virulence inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen Optimization of Piperacillin in Critically Ill Patients.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Next-generation hybrid bioanalytical platforms and clinical integration of TDM technologies for precision monitoring to optimize last-resort antibiotic therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance and Countermeasures.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development and Validation of a Rapid LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Eravacycline in Epithelial Lining Fluid: Application to a Prospective Pulmonary Distribution Study in HAP/VAP Patients.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- IITR00803: a benzoxazole-nitrothiophene small molecule with broad-spectrum antibacterial potential.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of injectable nocathiacin as a novel antibacterial agent.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Article
- Evaluating Effects of Antibiotics Across Preclinical Models of the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota.MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAn understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) principles that determine response to antimicrobial therapy can provide the clinician with better-informed dosing regimens. Factors influential on antibiotic disposition and clinical outcome are presented, with a focus on the primary site of infection. Techniques to better understand antibiotic PK and optimize PD are acknowledged.
methodsPubMed (inception-April 2016) was reviewed for relevant publications assessing antimicrobial exposures within different anatomic locations and clinical outcomes for various infection sites.
findingsA limited literature base indicates variable penetration of antibiotics to different target sites of infection, with drug solubility and extent of protein binding providing significant PK influences in addition to the major clearing pathway of the agent. PD indices derived from in vitro studies and animal models determine the optimal magnitude and frequency of dosing regimens for patients. PK/PD modeling and simulation has been shown an efficient means of assessing these PD endpoints against a variety of PK determinants, clarifying the unique effects of infection site and patient characteristics to inform the adequacy of a given antibiotic regimen. IMPLICATIONS: Appreciation of the PK properties of an antibiotic and its PD measure of efficacy can maximize the utility of these life-saving drugs. Unfortunately, clinical data remain limited for a number of infection site-antibiotic exposure relationships. Modeling and simulation can bridge preclinical and patient data for the prescription of optimal antibiotic dosing regimens, consistent with the tenets of personalized medicine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.