ArticleOphthalmology2016
Rectus Extraocular Muscle Size and Pulley Location in Concomitant and Pattern Exotropia.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anterior horizontal rectus anatomy in children with concomitant strabismus.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Age-related changes in the orbital pulley array of older Japanese adults with acquired exotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Surgical Dosing for V-Pattern Exotropia.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Saccade-Related Activity in Superior Colliculus Predicts Eye Choice for Goal-Directed Saccades in Monkeys With Strabismus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Effect of inferior oblique anterior transposition on vertical deviation.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Disconjugacies of saccade duration and trajectories in strabismus.Strabismus · 2024Article
- Inferior displacement of the lateral rectus muscle insertion in exotropia with mild V-pattern or vertical deviation.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of extraocular rectus muscles abnormalities in acute acquired concomitant esotropia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- A multimodal MRI study of functional and structural changes in concomitant exotropia.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Range of forced cyclorotation in superior oblique palsy and V-pattern strabismus.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Article
- Inter-eye Differences in Ocular Biometric Parameters of Concomitant Exotropia.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- High Level of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Tears: A Bridge of Patients with Concomitant Exotropia and Dry Eye.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Inferior rectus displacement in heavy eye syndrome and sagging eye syndrome.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2020Article
- Normal Topography and Binocularity of the Superior Colliculus in Strabismus.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Incomitance and Eye Dominance in Intermittent Exotropia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Observational
- Neural mechanisms of oculomotor abnormalities in the infantile strabismus syndrome.Journal of neurophysiology · 2017Review
- Normal correspondence of tectal maps for saccadic eye movements in strabismus.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether rectus extraocular muscle (EOM) sizes and pulley locations contribute to exotropia, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure these factors in normal control participants and in patients with concomitant and pattern exotropia.
designProspective case-control study.
participantsNine patients with concomitant exotropia, 6 patients with pattern exotropia, and 21 orthotropic normal control participants.
methodsHigh-resolution surface-coil MRI scans were obtained in contiguous, quasicoronal planes. Rectus pulley locations were determined in oculocentric coordinates for central gaze, supraduction, and infraduction. Cross sections in 4 contiguous image planes were summed and multiplied by the 2-mm slice thickness to obtain horizontal rectus posterior partial volumes (PPVs).
main outcome measuresRectus pulley locations and horizontal rectus PPVs.
resultsRectus pulleys were located differently in patients with A-pattern, versus V- and Y-pattern, exotropia. The lateral rectus (LR) pulleys were displaced significantly superiorly, the medial rectus (MR) pulleys were displaced inferiorly, and the inferior rectus pulleys were displaced laterally in A-pattern exotropia. However, the array of all rectus pulleys was excyclorotated in V- and Y-pattern exotropia. The PPV of the medial rectus muscle was statistically subnormal by approximately 29% in concomitant, but not pattern, exotropia (P < 0.05). The ratio of the PPV of the LR relative to the MR muscles in concomitant exotropia was significantly greater than in control participants and those with pattern exotropia (P < 0.05).
conclusionsAbnormalities of EOMs and pulleys contribute differently in pattern versus concomitant exotropia. Abnormal rectus pulley locations derange EOM pulling directions that contribute to pattern exotropia, but in concomitant exotropia, pulley locations are normal, and relatively small medial rectus size reduces relative adducting force.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.