ReviewNucleic acids research2016
An integrated, structure- and energy-based view of the genetic code.
Review in Nucleic acids research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translation fidelity mechanisms and their changes in aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Compendium of RNA modifications for bacterial stress adaptation.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2026Review
- The Tor pathway, ribosome concentration, and wobble decoding mediate inhibitory effects of the Leu-Pro CUC-CCG codon pair inRNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Queuosine tRNA modification regulates translational adaptation and virulence of Leishmania mexicana.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Anticodon loop remodeling and D-stem shape drive the specific recognition of ANN-decoding tRNAs for t6A modification.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Catalytic and regulatory basis of tRNA tNature communications · 2026Article
- Yield and fidelity of early steps of ribosome-free translation depend on the RNA anchoring.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Pseudouridylation landscape across 42bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Recognition of the wobble pair: quantum mechanical calculations of tRNA U34 or C34 modifications within the ribosomal decoding center.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- The Role of Chemistry Across Disciplines From Humanities to Life Sciences in Understanding Complexity and Emergence.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Codon usage patterns and phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes reveal evolutionary insights into Asphodelaceae species.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Translational regulation by oxidative desulfuration of tRNA modifications.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Regulation of tRNA expression during the social cycle of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2026Article
- Translation-Promoting Effects of RNA Template Overhangs in the Absence of Ribosomes.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial tRNAHuman mutation · 2026Article
- From U to mnm⁵Se²U: tuning base pairing preferences through 2-chalcogen and 5-methylaminomethyl modifications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- tRNA modifications: greasing the wheels of translation and beyond.RNA biology · 2025Review
- Suboptimal codon pairs trigger ribosome collisions and cellular quality control responses in tRNA modification mutants.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Two microbiome metabolites compete for tRNA modification to impact mammalian cell proliferation and translation quality control.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Are Bacterial Processes Dependent on Global Ribosome Pausing Affected by tRNA Modification Defects?Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The principles of mRNA decoding are conserved among all extant life forms. We present an integrative view of all the interaction networks between mRNA, tRNA and rRNA: the intrinsic stability of codon-anticodon duplex, the conformation of the anticodon hairpin, the presence of modified nucleotides, the occurrence of non-Watson-Crick pairs in the codon-anticodon helix and the interactions with bases of rRNA at the A-site decoding site. We derive a more information-rich, alternative representation of the genetic code, that is circular with an unsymmetrical distribution of codons leading to a clear segregation between GC-rich 4-codon boxes and AU-rich 2:2-codon and 3:1-codon boxes. All tRNA sequence variations can be visualized, within an internal structural and energy framework, for each organism, and each anticodon of the sense codons. The multiplicity and complexity of nucleotide modifications at positions 34 and 37 of the anticodon loop segregate meaningfully, and correlate well with the necessity to stabilize AU-rich codon-anticodon pairs and to avoid miscoding in split codon boxes. The evolution and expansion of the genetic code is viewed as being originally based on GC content with progressive introduction of A/U together with tRNA modifications. The representation we present should help the engineering of the genetic code to include non-natural amino acids.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.