ReviewToxins2016
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clinical Pathogens.
Review in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Overview of Type II and III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems with a Focus on Druggability.Toxins · 2018Pooled it
- The role of toxin-antitoxin systems inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Genetic features of blaBMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Development of a Potent and FunctionalJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Broken beyond repair: TA system ParE toxins mediate effective gyrase inhibition without driving resistance.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Impact of nafcillin and diosmin on the attachment, invasion, and stress survival of Salmonella Typhimurium.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Beyond antibiotics: exploring multifaceted approaches to combat bacterial resistance in the modern era: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Facivitalis istanbulensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sphingomonadaceae with the potential for aromatic-degradation isolated from Jet A1 fuel.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2024Article
- Exploring antibiotic-induced persister formation and bacterial persistence genes in clinical isolates from Burkina Faso.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Agents Targeting the Bacterial Cell Wall as Tools to Combat Gram-Positive Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Discovery of Antimicrobial Agents Based on Structural and Functional Study of theAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Secretion of the fungal toxin candidalysin is dependent on conserved precursor peptide sequences.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Toxin release by conditional remodelling of ParDE1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to gyrase inhibition.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of genes expression involved in type II toxin-antitoxin system in Staphylococcus aureus following persister cell formation.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Current Perspectives on Viable but Non-Culturable Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Genome sequence ofHeliyon · 2022Article
- A Plasmid CarryingMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- A tRNA-Acetylating Toxin and Detoxifying Enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent in bacteria and archaea. Although not essential for normal cell growth, TA systems are implicated in multiple cellular functions associated with survival under stress conditions. Clinical strains of bacteria are currently causing major human health problems as a result of their multidrug resistance, persistence and strong pathogenicity. Here, we present a review of the TA systems described to date and their biological role in human pathogens belonging to the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and others of clinical relevance (Escherichia coli, Burkholderia spp., Streptococcus spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of TA systems will enable the development of new lines of treatment for infections caused by the above-mentioned pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.