Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27446697›Full record

ArticleBiomedical optics express2016

Image registration and averaging of low laser power two-photon fluorescence images of mouse retina.

Nathan S Alexander, Grazyna Palczewska, Patrycjusz Stremplewski, Maciej Wojtkowski, Timothy S Kern, Krzysztof Palczewski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical optics express, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Boundary-Preserved Deep Denoising of Stochastic Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Images.IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Volumetric fluorescence retinal imagingBiomedical optics express · 2018
    Article
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nathan S AlexanderDepartment of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; nsa36@case.edu.
Grazyna PalczewskaPolgenix Inc., 11000 Cedar Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Patrycjusz StremplewskiFaculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Maciej WojtkowskiFaculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Timothy S KernDepartment of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Krzysztof PalczewskiDepartment of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Polgenix Inc., 11000 Cedar Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA; kxp65@case.edu.

Funding

Novel therapies to inhibit Diabetic RetinopathyR24EY024864 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 2015 to 2019
$8.1M
A two-photon ophthalmoscope for human retinal imaging and functional testingU01EY025451 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI PALCZEWSKI, KRZYSZTOF · 2015 to 2019
$3.2M
PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONSP01DK057733 · NIDDK · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 2000 to 2003
$2.2M
Structural investigations of native and mutant human green cone pigmentK99EY025007 · NEI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI ALEXANDER, NATHAN · 2015 to 2016
$188k
NEI NIH HHS K99 EY025007NEI NIH HHS R24 EY024864NEI NIH HHS U01 EY025451NIDDK NIH HHS P01 DK057733
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPM) is now being used routinely to image live cells for extended periods deep within tissues, including the retina and other structures within the eye . However, very low laser power is a requirement to obtain TPM images of the retina safely. Unfortunately, a reduction in laser power also reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of collected images, making it difficult to visualize structural details. Here, image registration and averaging methods applied to TPM images of the eye in living animals (without the need for auxiliary hardware) demonstrate the structural information obtained with laser power down to 1 mW. Image registration provided between 1.4% and 13.0% improvement in image quality compared to averaging images without registrations when using a high-fluorescence template, and between 0.2% and 12.0% when employing the average of collected images as the template. Also, a diminishing return on image quality when more images were used to obtain the averaged image is shown. This work provides a foundation for obtaining informative TPM images with laser powers of 1 mW, compared to previous levels for imaging mice ranging between 6.3 mW [Palczewska G., Nat Med.20, 785 (2014) Sharma R., Biomed. Opt. Express4, 1285 (2013)].

Indexed as

(100.2960) Image analysis(170.2520) Fluorescence microscopy(170.3880) Medical and biological imaging

Identifiers

PMID27446697
PMCPMC4948621

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.