ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2016
The Pro-inflammatory Effects of Glucocorticoids in the Brain.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Voluntary versus forced exercise modulates anxiety‑like behaviors and hippocampal inflammation gene expression following traumatic stress in rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Balancing inflammation under stress: glucocorticoid regulation of innate immune pathways.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Steroid-related mechanisms in ocular health and disease: therapeutic effects, adverse events, and stress-related modulators. A narrative literature overview.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and post-stroke depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cardiomyocyte Glucocorticoid Receptors Exacerbate Stress Effects in Myocardial Ischemia Injury in Mice.Cells · 2025Article
- Review
- RNA Sequencing Reveals Inflammatory and Metabolic Changes in the Lung and Brain After Carbon Black and Naphthalene Whole Body Inhalation Exposure in a Rodent Model of Military Burn Pit Exposures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Steroidomic Changes in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Women with Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Connectometry reveals differing associations of cortisol and PACAP with dorsal cingulum microstructure in posttraumatic stress.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of previous steroid treatment on ischemic stroke outcomes: a propensity score-matched hospital analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- A glucocorticoid spike derails muscle repair to heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- The multiple roles of chronic stress and glucocorticoids in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.Trends in neurosciences · 2024Review
- Differential Effect of Aldosterone or Mineralocorticoid Receptor Overexpression on Retinal Inflammation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Alterations in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis as a Response to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis inBiomolecules · 2024Article
- An Update on the Potential of Tangeretin in the Management of Neuroinflammation-Mediated Neurodegenerative Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of glucocorticoid blockade on inflammatory responses to acute sleep fragmentation in male mice.PeerJ · 2024Article
- Modelling the Interplay Between Neuron-Glia Cell Dysfunction and Glial Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- The Relationship between Stress, Inflammation, and Depression.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Steroid-induced fibroblast growth factors drive an epithelial-mesenchymal inflammatory axis in severe asthma.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. Their actions are mediated by the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, which, once bound to their ligands, act as transcription factors that can directly modulate gene expression. Through protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors, they can also regulate the activity of many genes in a composite or tethering way. Rapid non-genomic signaling was also demonstrated since glucocorticoids can act through membrane receptors and activate signal transduction pathways, such as protein kinases cascades, to modulate other transcriptions factors and activate or repress various target genes. By all these different mechanisms, glucocorticoids regulate numerous important functions in a large variety of cells, not only in the peripheral organs but also in the central nervous system during development and adulthood. In general, glucocorticoids are considered anti-inflammatory and protective agents due to their ability to inhibit gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and other possible damaging molecules. Nonetheless, recent studies have uncovered situations in which these hormones can act as pro-inflammatory agents depending on the dose, chronicity of exposure, and the structure/organ analyzed. In this review, we will provide an overview of the conditions under which these phenomena occur, a discussion that will serve as a basis for exploring the mechanistic foundation of glucocorticoids pro-inflammatory gene regulation in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.