ReviewFrontiers in human neuroscience2016
Online and Offline Performance Gains Following Motor Imagery Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies.
Review in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of imagery practice on basketball-related skills and psychological outcomes: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Motor Learning in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effects and Dose-Response Relationships of Motor Imagery Practice on Strength Development in Healthy Adult Populations: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of motor imagery in recovery of nerve blockade in patients undergoing total knee replacement under spinal anesthesia: a randomized prospective controlled study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Trial
- Differences in motor imagery abilities in active and sedentary individuals: new insights from backward-walking imagination.Psychological research · 2024Trial
- The Effect of Motor Imaginary Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Balance in Middle-Aged Women with High Fall Risk: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Neural plasticity · 2023Trial
- EMG Muscle Activation Pattern of Four Lower Extremity Muscles during Stair Climbing, Motor Imagery, and Robot-Assisted Stepping: A Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Individuals.BioMed research international · 2019Trial
- Dynamic motor imagery, but not pre-execution movements, enhances serve tennis performance.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Guided and motor imagery for pain management and functional recovery after arthroplasty of the hip or knee: A pragmatic prospective mixed-methods study.Integrative medicine research · 2026Article
- [Microstate dynamics in motor imagery of stroke patients with transcranial alternating current stimulation modulation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
- Different Factors Determining Motor Execution and Motor Imagery Performance in a Serial Reaction Time Task with Intrinsic Variability.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Anodal tDCS over the supplementary motor area increases motor overflow during imagined aiming movement.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Perceptual and Motor Processes in Motor Imagery.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Effects of Motor Imagery on Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis in Women During the Post-Surgical Immobilization Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neural signatures of online and offline motor learning: An ALE meta-analysis.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The Effects of Motor Imagery on Static and Dynamic Balance and on the Fear of Re-Injury in Professional Football Players with Grade II Ankle Sprains.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Towards efficient motor imagery interventions after lower-limb amputation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Upper Limb Electromyographic Responses to Motor Imagery and Action Observation in Acquired Brain Injury.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Does Motor Imagery Training Improve Service Performance in Tennis Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Matter of Time: A Web-Based Investigation of Rest and Sleep Effects on Speech Motor Learning.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that motor imagery (MI) promotes motor learning. While MI has been shown to influence the early stages of the learning process, recent data revealed that sleep also contributes to the consolidation of the memory trace. How such "online" and "offline" processes take place and how they interact to impact the neural underpinnings of movements has received little attention. The aim of the present review is twofold: (i) providing an overview of recent applied and fundamental studies investigating the effects of MI practice (MIP) on motor learning; and (ii) detangling applied and fundamental findings in support of a sleep contribution to motor consolidation after MIP. We conclude with an integrative approach of online and offline learning resulting from intense MIP in healthy participants, and underline research avenues in the motor learning/clinical domains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.