ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016
Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 554 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of the potential of lichen substances as antifungal agents: the effects of extracts and lichen secondary metabolites on Fusarium fungi.Archives of microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Elemental composition, structure and amount of contact between Xanthoria parietina symbionts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Factors shaping the lichen photobiome and mycobiome in a tropical lichen community.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Article
- Molecular phylogeny and ecological diversity of endolichenic fungi inhabiting Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal, isolated from a Chilean Andean zone.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Establishment of an Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Disruption System in the Lichen-Forming FungusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Linking Biocrust Architecture and Dispersal: Reproductive Ecology of Lichens of the Grit Crust in the Coastal Atacama Desert.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Unravelling the Secret of Phantom Phenotypes in Macrolichens: Insights From Cladonia bellidiflora Complex.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Visible Symptoms of Thallus Damage on the Phycobiota of Mediterranean Epiphytic Lichens.Microbial ecology · 2026Article
- Exploring the lichenization continuum through the marine tripartite symbiosis of Collemopsidium pelvetiae.American journal of botany · 2026Article
- Lichen Extracts Containing Volatile Compounds Induce Oxidative Stress and Modulate the Growth ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Unveiling Lichen's Hidden Arsenal Against Multidrug Resistance: A Systematic Review of Their Essential Oils, Volatile Compounds and Extracts with Antimicrobial Applications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Functional redundancy and stability support the resilience of the Evernia prunastri holobiont under urbanization.Environmental microbiome · 2026Article
- Structural Features of Algal and Fungal GATA Transcription Factors may Play a Role in Symbiosis.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Does Epiphytic Lichen Translocation Work? Methods, Outcomes and Future Perspectives.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Convergent symbioses: morphology, life history, and niche specialization in coral and lichen mutualisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Living in each other's pockets: insights into the life cycle ofIMA fungus · 2026Article
- Fungal Microbiome Within Lichen as a Potential Bioindicator of Climate Change: Insights from Transplant Field Study.Mycobiology · 2026Article
- Lichens in times of climate change - impacts and responses especially in boreal and polar ecosystems.MycoKeys · 2026Review
- Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
For over 140 years, lichens have been regarded as a symbiosis between a single fungus, usually an ascomycete, and a photosynthesizing partner. Other fungi have long been known to occur as occasional parasites or endophytes, but the one lichen-one fungus paradigm has seldom been questioned. Here we show that many common lichens are composed of the known ascomycete, the photosynthesizing partner, and, unexpectedly, specific basidiomycete yeasts. These yeasts are embedded in the cortex, and their abundance correlates with previously unexplained variations in phenotype. Basidiomycete lineages maintain close associations with specific lichen species over large geographical distances and have been found on six continents. The structurally important lichen cortex, long treated as a zone of differentiated ascomycete cells, appears to consistently contain two unrelated fungi.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.