Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27442314›Full record

Trial reportCornea2016

Effect of Oral Re-esterified Omega-3 Nutritional Supplementation on Dry Eyes.

Alice T Epitropoulos, Eric D Donnenfeld, Zubin A Shah, Edward J Holland, Michael Gross, William J Faulkner, Cynthia Matossian, Stephen S Lane, Melissa Toyos, Frank A Bucci and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cornea, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Alice T Epitropoulos*Ophthalmic Surgeons & Consultants of Ohio, The Eye Center of Columbus; and Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus OH; †Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island, Long Island, NY; ‡PRN Physician Recommended Nutriceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA; §Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, OH; ¶Matossian Eye Associates, Pennington, NJ; ‖Associated Eye Care, Stillwater, MN; **Toyos Clinic, Nashville, TN; and ††Bucci Laser Vision Institute, Wilkes-Barre, PA.
Eric D Donnenfeld
Zubin A Shah
Edward J Holland
Michael Gross
William J Faulkner
Cynthia Matossian
Stephen S Lane
Melissa Toyos
Frank A Bucci
Henry D Perry

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess the effect of oral re-esterified omega-3 fatty acids on tear osmolarity, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tear break-up time (TBUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), fluorescein corneal staining, Schirmer score, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) stage and omega-3 index in subjects with dry eyes and confirmed MGD.

methodsThis was a multicenter, prospective, interventional, placebo-controlled, double-masked study. Subjects were randomized to receive 4 softgels containing a total of 1680 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid/560 mg of docosahexaenoic acid or a control of 3136 mg of linoleic acid, daily for 12 weeks. Subjects were measured at baseline, week 6, and week 12 for tear osmolarity, TBUT, OSDI, fluorescein corneal staining, and Schirmer test with anesthesia. MMP-9 testing and omega-3 index were done at baseline and at 12 weeks.

resultsOne hundred five subjects completed the study. They were randomized to omega-3 (n = 54) and control group (n = 51). Statistically significant reduction in tear osmolarity was observed in the omega-3 group versus control group at week 6 (-16.8 ± 2.6 vs. -9.0 ± 2.7 mOsm/L, P = 0.042) and week 12 (-19.4 ± 2.7 vs. -8.3 ± 2.8 mOsm/L, P = 0.004). At 12 weeks, a statistically significant increase in omega-3 index levels (P < 0.001) and TBUT (3.5 ± 0.5 s vs. 1.2 ± 0.5 s, P = 0.002) was also observed. Omega-3 group experienced a significant reduction in MMP-9 positivity versus control group (67.9% vs. 35.0%, P = 0.024) and OSDI scores decreased significantly in omega-3 (-17.0 ± 2.6) versus control group (-5.0 ± 2.7, P = 0.002).

conclusionsOral consumption of re-esterified omega-3 fatty acids is associated with statistically significant improvement in tear osmolarity, omega-3 index levels, TBUT, MMP-9, and OSDI symptom scores.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsAdministration, OralAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDouble-Blind MethodDry Eye SyndromesEyelid DiseasesFatty Acids, Omega-3FemaleHumansMaleMatrix Metalloproteinase 9Meibomian GlandsMiddle AgedOsmolar ConcentrationFatty Acids, Omega-3Matrix Metalloproteinase 9MMP9 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID27442314
PMCPMC4975557

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.