ArticlePloS one2016
11-Ketotestosterone and 11-Ketodihydrotestosterone in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer: Potent Androgens Which Can No Longer Be Ignored.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Androgen receptor mutations modulate activation by 11-oxygenated androgens and glucocorticoids.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2023Pooled it
- AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 expression in adipose tissue: Association with body fat distribution and regulatory variants.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2021Trial
- 24-Hour Profiles of 11-Oxygenated CFrontiers in endocrinology · 2021Trial
- Recent advances in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, formerly polycystic ovary syndrome, with emphasis on endocrine and metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Approach to the patient: investigation of postmenopausal androgen excess.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Steroid 5α-reductases in the brain: From neurosteroidogenesis to therapeutic implications.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Steroid hormone profiling reveals altered adrenal androgen production in endometriosis.European journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- 11-oxygenated androgens in healthy young adults: Does use of hormonal contraceptives matter? The Fit Futures Study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- A novel serum-based steroid-protein panels for differentiating ovarian cancer from non-malignant adnexal masses.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- 11-Oxygenated Androgens Inhibit Brown Adipose Tissue Differentiation.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Impaired 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity in Kidney Disease Disrupts 11-Oxygenated Androgen Biosynthesis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Observational
- An expanded metabolic pathway for androgen production by commensal bacteria.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- High 11-Ketotestosterone Linked to Shorter Time to Castration Resistance in Recurrent Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer.The Journal of urology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Predictive Role of 11-Oxyandrogens in Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Identification of Predictors of Shift Work Adaptation and Its Association With Immune, Hormonal and Metabolite Biomarkers.Journal of pineal research · 2024Article
- Pre-receptor regulation of 11-oxyandrogens differs between normal and cancerous endometrium and across endometrial cancer grades and molecular subtypes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Targeting sex steroid biosynthesis for breast and prostate cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Preoperative Circulating 11-Oxygenated Androgens Are Associated With Metastasis-free Survival in Localized Prostate Cancer.The Journal of urology · 2023Article
- Circulating adrenal 11-oxygenated androgens are associated with clinical outcome in endometrial cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is regarded as the most potent natural androgen and is implicated in the development and progression of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Under castrate conditions, DHT is produced from the metabolism of the adrenal androgen precursors, DHEA and androstenedione. Recent studies have shown that the adrenal steroid 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4) serves as the precursor to the androgens 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone (11KDHT). In this study we comprehensively assess the androgenic activity of 11KT and 11KDHT. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to show that 11KT and 11KDHT, like T and DHT, are potent and efficacious agonists of the human androgen receptor (AR) and induced both the expression of representative AR-regulated genes as well as cellular proliferation in the androgen dependent prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and VCaP. Proteomic analysis revealed that 11KDHT regulated the expression of more AR-regulated proteins than DHT in VCaP cells, while in vitro conversion assays showed that 11KT and 11KDHT are metabolized at a significantly lower rate in both LNCaP and VCaP cells when compared to T and DHT, respectively. Our findings show that 11KT and 11KDHT are bona fide androgens capable of inducing androgen-dependant gene expression and cell growth, and that these steroids have the potential to remain active longer than T and DHT due to the decreased rate at which they are metabolised. Collectively, our data demonstrates that 11KT and 11KDHT likely play a vital, but overlooked, role in the development and progression of CRPC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.