ArticleAIDS care2017
The association between substance use and sub-optimal HIV treatment engagement among HIV-infected female sex workers in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Article in AIDS care, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Non-Adherence Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- The roles of heavy drinking and drug use in engagement in HIV care among hospitalized substance using individuals with poorly controlled HIV infection.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Article
- Healthcare Provider Perceptions on Screening and Treatment for Unhealthy Alcohol Use in HIV Primary Care Settings.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Fine and gray competing risk regression model of predictors of loss to follow up among female sex workers receiving antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: 2016-2022.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Deaths of Female Sex Workers from HIV/AIDS in Kenya, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2019-2023 and Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- "'Corona' was bigger than AIDS": exploring how female sex workers with HIV navigated HIV care and treatment during the onset of COVID-19 in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania.Culture, health & sexuality · 2025Article
- Testing a systematically braided alcohol reduction and HIV status neutral intervention among people receiving STI care in Malawi: study protocol for a pilot hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Associations Between Alcohol Use, Antiretroviral Therapy Use, and Viral Load Suppression Among People Living with HIV in Rural Central Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Unraveling substance abuse among Malawian street children: A qualitative exploration.PloS one · 2024Article
- Substance Use and Depression Impede ART Adherence Among Female Sex Workers Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among Women Engaged in Commercial Sex Work in Southern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Alcohol use and associated risk factors among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Opportunities and considerations for the design of decentralized delivery of antiretroviral therapy for female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- ART uptake and adherence among female sex workers (FSW) globally: A scoping review.Global public health · 2022Article
- Occupational barriers to accessing and adhering to antiretroviral therapy for female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2020Article
- Alcohol use and viral suppression in HIV-positive Kenyan female sex workers on antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSW) have a high prevalence of substance use and HIV, but the impact of substance use on HIV treatment engagement is not well established. We evaluated the association between alcohol and marijuana use and sub-optimal HIV treatment engagement outcomes among HIV-infected FSW in Lilongwe, Malawi. We enroled FSW using venue-based recruitment into a cross-sectional evaluation assessing substance use and HIV treatment engagement. Seropositive FSW, identified through HIV rapid testing, received rapid CD4 count and viral load testing. We used Poisson regression with robust variance estimates to ascertain associations of alcohol and marijuana use with sub-optimal HIV treatment outcomes: (1) lack of ART use among previously diagnosed, ART-eligible FSW and (2) viral nonsuppression among FSW on ART. Of previously diagnosed, ART-eligible FSW (n = 96), 29% were not using ART. Patterns of hazardous drinking were identified in 30%, harmful drinking in 10%, and alcohol dependence in 12%. ART-eligible FSW with harmful drinking or alcohol dependency were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.8) times as likely to not use ART compared to FSW without harmful or dependent drinking. Among those on ART, 14% were virally nonsuppressed. The prevalence ratio for viral nonsuppression was 2.0 (95% CI: 0.6, 6.5) for harmful drinkers and alcohol-dependent FSW. Over 30% of ART-eligible FSW reported using marijuana. Marijuana-using FSW were 1.9 (95% CI: 0.8, 4.6) times as likely to not use ART compared to FSW who were not using marijuana. Given the high prevalence of alcohol use and its association with lack of ART use, ART uptake and alcohol reduction strategies should be tailored for alcohol-using FSW in Malawi.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.