ArticlePloS one2016
Efficacy Coefficients Determined Using Nail Permeability and Antifungal Activity in Keratin-Containing Media Are Useful for Predicting Clinical Efficacies of Topical Drugs for Onychomycosis.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of long-term treatment with efinaconazole 10% solution in patients with onychomycosis, including severe cases: A multicenter, single-arm study.The Journal of dermatology · 2019Trial
- Preparation and Optimization of Voriconazole Gel 0.25% for Topical Delivery in Terbinafine Resistance Dermatophytosis: In Vitro and Pilot Animal Study.Dermatology research and practice · 2026Article
- Transungual Penetration and Antifungal Activity of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Topical Antifungals: Ex Vivo Comparison.Dermatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Concealing Meets Healing in the Treatment of Toenail Onychomycosis: A Review of Concurrent Nail Polish Use with Topical Efinaconazole 10% Solution.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2024Review
- Antidermatophyte activity and PK/PD of ME1111 in a guinea pig model of tinea corporis.The Journal of antibiotics · 2024Article
- Penetration Profile of Terbinafine Compared to Amorolfine in Mycotic Human Toenails Quantified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Imaging.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Penetration Profiles of Four Topical Antifungals in Mycotic Human Toenails Quantified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Imaging.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Novel Henna-Related Naphthazarine Photosensitizers for an Effective Photodynamic Therapy of Onychomycosis.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Topical Antifungals Using a New Predictive Animal Model for Efficacy against Severe Tinea Unguium: A Comparison of Efinaconazole and Luliconazole.Mycopathologia · 2022Article
- Poly(pseudo)rotaxanes formed by mixed micelles and α-cyclodextrin enhance terbinafine nail permeation to deeper layers.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2022Article
- Preparation of Topical Itraconazole with Enhanced Skin/Nail Permeability and In Vivo Antifungal Efficacy against Superficial Mycosis.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- In Vitro Combination Effect of Topical and Oral Anti-Onychomycosis Drugs onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A comparative study between two antifungal agents, Luliconazole and Efinaconazole, of their preventive effects in a Trichophyton-infected guinea pig onychomycosis model.Medical mycology · 2021Article
- Assessment of the nail penetration of antifungal agents, with different physico-chemical properties.PloS one · 2020Article
- Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Preparation andDrug delivery · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Skin Permeation and Retention of Topical Dapsone in Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesions.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Preparation, Characterisation, and Topical Delivery of Terbinafine.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Determination of antifungal minimum inhibitory concentration and its clinical correlation among treatment failure cases of dermatophytosis.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- Novel Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Onychomycosis.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Onychomycosis is difficult to treat topically due to the deep location of the infection under the densely keratinized nail plate. In order to obtain an in vitro index that is relevant to the clinical efficacy of topical anti-onychomycosis drugs, we profiled five topical drugs: amorolfine, ciclopirox, efinaconazole, luliconazole, and terbinafine, for their nail permeabilities, keratin affinities, and anti-dermatophytic activities in the presence of keratin. Efinaconazole and ciclopirox permeated full-thickness human nails more deeply than luliconazole. Amorolfine and terbinafine did not show any detectable permeation. The free-drug concentration of efinaconazole in a 5% human nail keratin suspension was 24.9%, which was significantly higher than those of the other drugs (1.1-3.9%). Additionally, efinaconazole was released from human nail keratin at a greater proportion than the other drugs. The MICs of the five drugs for Trichophyton rubrum were determined at various concentrations of keratin (0-20%) in RPMI 1640 medium. The MICs of ciclopirox were not affected by keratin, whereas those of efinaconazole were slightly increased and those of luliconazole and terbinafine were markedly increased in the presence of 20% keratin. Efficacy coefficients were calculated using the nail permeation flux and MIC in media without or with keratin. Efinaconazole showed the highest efficacy coefficient, which was determined using MIC in media with keratin. The order of efficacy coefficients determined using MIC in keratin-containing media rather than keratin-free media was consistent with that of complete cure rates in previously reported clinical trials. The present study revealed that efficacy coefficients determined using MIC in keratin-containing media are useful for predicting the clinical efficacies of topical drugs. In order to be more effective, topical drugs have to possess higher efficacy coefficients.
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