ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
The Dermis as a Delivery Site of Trypanosoma brucei for Tsetse Flies.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Comparative Pathogenicity and Semi-quantitative Multi-organ Histopathology of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Mice.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- The major diagnostic VSG LiTat 1.3 of the human parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is a trimer in solution.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A strategic discovery roadmap towards high-quality leads and drug development candidates for kinetoplastid diseases. Part 2: from molecule to confirmed hit.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Thermo-related degeneration of stumpy forms of Trypanosoma brucei, the pathogen of African sleeping sickness.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the miRNA landscape in tsetse fly saliva and salivary glands duringNAR molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Allosteric inhibition of trypanosomatid pyruvate kinases by a camelid single-domain antibody.eLife · 2025Article
- Bioengineered 3D microvessels and complementary animal models reveal mechanisms of Trypanosoma congolense sequestration.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The Hidden Hand of Asymptomatic Infection Hinders Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Modeling Analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Advances in the Immunology of the Host-Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei displays non-canonical gluconeogenesis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Investigation ofCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- FLAgellum Member 8 modulates extravascular distribution of African trypanosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- How colonization bottlenecks, tissue niches, and transmission strategies shape protozoan infections.Trends in parasitology · 2023Review
- Vector-borne Trypanosoma brucei parasites develop in artificial human skin and persist as skin tissue forms.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Tackling Sleeping Sickness: Current and Promising Therapeutics and Treatment Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Prevalence of blood and skin trypanosomes in domestic and wild fauna from two sleeping sickness foci in Southern Cameroon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Impact of pulmonary African trypanosomes on the immunology and function of the lung.Nature communications · 2022Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of Trypanosoma brucei parasites that cause sleeping sickness. Our knowledge on the early interface between the infective metacyclic forms and the mammalian host skin is currently highly limited. Glossina morsitans flies infected with fluorescently tagged T. brucei parasites were used in this study to initiate natural infections in mice. Metacyclic trypanosomes were found to be highly infectious through the intradermal route in sharp contrast with blood stream form trypanosomes. Parasite emigration from the dermal inoculation site resulted in detectable parasite levels in the draining lymph nodes within 18 hours and in the peripheral blood within 42 h. A subset of parasites remained and actively proliferated in the dermis. By initiating mixed infections with differentially labeled parasites, dermal parasites were unequivocally shown to arise from the initial inoculum and not from a re-invasion from the blood circulation. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated intricate interactions of these skin-residing parasites with adipocytes in the connective tissue, entanglement by reticular fibers of the periadipocytic baskets and embedment between collagen bundles. Experimental transmission experiments combined with molecular parasite detection in blood fed flies provided evidence that dermal trypanosomes can be acquired from the inoculation site immediately after the initial transmission. High resolution thermographic imaging also revealed that intradermal parasite expansion induces elevated skin surface temperatures. Collectively, the dermis represents a delivery site of the highly infective metacyclic trypanosomes from which the host is systemically colonized and where a proliferative subpopulation remains that is physically constrained by intricate interactions with adipocytes and collagen fibrous structures.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.