ArticleEthnicity & disease2016
Age, Race and Cardiovascular Outcomes in African American Veterans.
Article in Ethnicity & disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Alteplase Coverage on Health Equity for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke in the USA: A Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- Comparison of Racial and Ethnic Mortality Disparities among Post-9/11 Veterans with and without Traumatic Brain Injury to the Total U.S. Adult Population.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022.Kidney international supplements · 2022 · on this mapReview
- Statin Therapy Before Transition to End-Stage Renal Disease With Posttransition Outcomes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Mortality Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in the Veterans Health Administration: An Evidence Review and Map.American journal of public health · 2018Review
- Observational
- Hemodialysis Disparities in African Americans: The Deeply Integrated Concept of Race in the Social Fabric of Our Society.Seminars in dialysis · 2017Review
- Health Inequities in Hypertension and Related Organ Damage.Ethnicity & disease · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the general population, compared wtih their White peers, African Americans suffer premature all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) deaths, attributed in part to reduced access to care and lower socioeconomic status. Prior reports indicated younger (aged 35 to 44 years) African Americans had a signficantly greater age-adjusted risk of death. Recent studies suggest that in a more egalitarian health care structure than typical United States (US) health care structures, African Americans may have similar or even better CV outcomes, but the impact of age is less well-known.
methodsWe examined age stratified all-cause mortality, and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke in 3,072,966 patients (547,441 African American and 2,525,525 White) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)>60 mL/min/1.73m(2) receiving care from the US Veterans Health Administration. Outcomes were examined in Cox models adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, kidney function, blood pressure, socioeconomics and indicators of the quality of health care delivery.
resultsAfrican Americans had an overall 30% lower all-cause mortality (P<.001) and 29% lower incidence of CHD (P<.001) and higher incidence of ischemic stroke (aHR, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.13-1.18, P<.001). The lower rates of mortality and CHD were strongest in younger African Americans and attenuated across patients aged ≥70 years. Stroke rates did not differ by race in persons aged <70 years.
conclusionsAmong patients with normal eGFR and receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration, younger African Americans had lower all-cause mortality and incidence of CHD and similar rates of stroke, independent of demographic, comorbidity and socioeconomic differences. The lower all-cause mortality persisted but attenuated with increasing age and the lower incidence of CHD ended at aged ≥80 years. The higher incidence of ischemic stroke in African Americans was driven by increasing risk in patients aged ≥70 years suggesting that the improved cardiovascular outcomes were most dramatic for younger African Americans.
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