ArticleJournal of virology2016
Deep Sequencing of Distinct Preparations of the Live Attenuated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine Reveals a Conserved Core of Attenuating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
Article in Journal of virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serious neurological adverse events in immunocompetent children and adolescents caused by viral reactivation in the years following varicella vaccination.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Genomic comparison reveals single-nucleotide polymorphic sites and attenuation-associated site combinations specific to Chinese live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of the MAV/06 varicella vaccine: A comprehensive review of a new strain vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Whole-genome sequence of a varicella-zoster strain from an immunocompetent pediatric patient with severe herpes zoster.Microbiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Varicella Zoster Virus Infection: Clinical Features, Molecular Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention.MedComm · 2026Review
- The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- A fresh look at varicella vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Perspectives on the History and Epidemiology of the Varicella Virus Vaccine and Future Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Insights into pathologic mechanisms occurring during serious adverse events following live zoster vaccination.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Upregulation of keratin 15 is required for varicella-zoster virus replication in keratinocytes and is attenuated in the live attenuated vOka vaccine strain.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Embracing Complexity: What Novel Sequencing Methods Are Teaching Us About Herpesvirus Genomic Diversity.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- Creating the "Dew Drop on a Rose Petal": the Molecular Pathogenesis of Varicella-Zoster Virus Skin Lesions.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Meningitis caused by the varicella vaccine virus in 17 immunized children and adolescents from the United States, Europe, and Japan.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2023Review
- Meningitis without Rash after Reactivation of Varicella Vaccine Strain in a 12-Year-Old Immunocompetent Boy.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Varicella Zoster Virus Neuronal Latency and Reactivation Modeled in Vitro.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Empirical estimates of the mutation rate for an alphabaculovirus.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Review
- Rational Design of a Skin- and Neuro-Attenuated Live Varicella Vaccine: A Review and Future Perspectives.Viruses · 2022Review
- Development of a skin- and neuro-attenuated live vaccine for varicella.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledThe continued success of the live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine in preventing varicella-zoster and herpes zoster is well documented, as are many of the mutations that contribute to the attenuation of the vOka virus for replication in skin. At least three different preparations of vOka are marketed. Here, we show using deep sequencing of seven batches of vOka vaccine (including ZostaVax, VariVax, VarilRix, and the Oka/Biken working seed) from three different manufacturers (VariVax, GSK, and Biken) that 137 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations are present in all vaccine batches. This includes six sites at which the vaccine allele is fixed or near fixation, which we speculate are likely to be important for attenuation. We also show that despite differences in the vaccine populations between preparations, batch-to-batch variation is minimal, as is the number and frequency of mutations unique to individual batches. This suggests that the vaccine manufacturing processes are not introducing new mutations and that, notwithstanding the mixture of variants present, VZV live vaccines are extremely stable. IMPORTANCE: The continued success of vaccinations to prevent chickenpox and shingles, combined with the extremely low incidence of adverse reactions, indicates the quality of these vaccines. The vaccine itself is comprised of a heterogeneous live attenuated virus population and thus requires deep-sequencing technologies to explore the differences and similarities in the virus populations between different preparations and batches of the vaccines. Our data demonstrate minimal variation between batches, an important safety feature, and provide new insights into the extent of the mutations present in this attenuated virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.