ArticleSpine2016
Illicit Substance Use in US Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.
Article in Spine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are adults with chronic pain more likely to develop hypertension than adults without chronic pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- The epidemiology of low back pain in chiropractors and chiropractic students: a systematic review of the literature.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2024Pooled it
- Novel objective-subjective pain assessment score results in decreased opioid prescription after elective spine surgery: a prospective pilot study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- The design and rationale of the Biomarkers for Evaluating Spine Treatments trial: a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Depression and Insomnia Mediate the Link Between Problematic Internet Use and Neuropathic Low Back Pain: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Measurements of traditional Chinese medicine health literacy regarding chronic pain: a scoping review.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment-An Update on the Evidence.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Understanding the effect of recreational drug use on bone health and musculoskeletal disease in the establishment of pain regimens.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Review
- An Evaluation of the Clinical Tools Used to Monitor Illicit Methamphetamine Use Among Chronic Pain Patients: A Cross Sectional Retrospective Study.Hospital pharmacy · 2023Article
- Intention to get naloxone among patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Analyzing the Impact of Cannabinoids on the Treatment of Spinal Disorders.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2022Review
- Does Gender Moderate the Relationship Between Chronic Pain and Substance Use Disorder? Insights From a National Canadian Population Survey.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Association between type 2 diabetes and chronic low back pain in general practices in Germany.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Article
- Anxiety Sensitivity and Fatigue Severity Among Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain.Fatigue : biomedicine, health & behavior · 2021Article
- Fatigue Severity among Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: Relations to Opioid Use and Hazardous Alcohol Use.Fatigue : biomedicine, health & behavior · 2021Article
- Article
- Increased overall and cause-specific mortality associated with disability among workers' compensation claimants with low back injuries.American journal of industrial medicine · 2020Article
- The Moderating Role of Fatigue Sensitivity in the Relation between Depression and Alcohol and Opioid Misuse among Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain.Fatigue : biomedicine, health & behavior · 2020Article
- Cannabis Use and Low-Back Pain: A Systematic Review.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2020Review
- The silent epidemic of chronic pain in older adults.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
designA population-based cross-sectional survey.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of illicit drug use among US adults with and without chronic low back pain (cLBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although addictive medications, such as opioids and benzodiazepines, are frequently prescribed to patients with cLBP, little is known about illicit drug use among Americans with cLBP.
methodsWe used data from the back pain survey, administered to a representative sample of US adults aged 20 to 69 years (N = 5103) during the 2009 to 2010 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants with pain in the area between the lower posterior margin of the ribcage and the horizontal gluteal fold for at least 3 months were classified as having cLBP (N = 700). The drug use questionnaire was self-administered in a private setting, and included data on lifetime and current use of marijuana or hashish, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. Chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, race, and level of education, were used for comparisons.
resultsAbout 46.5% of US adults with cLBP used marijuana versus 42% of those without cLBP [Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.06-1.74]. About 22% versus 14% used cocaine (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.45-2.24), 9% versus 5% used methamphetamine (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.30-3.16), and 5% versus 2% used heroin (aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.44-4.11). Subjects with cLBP who reported lifetime illicit drug use were more likely to have an active prescription for opioid analgesics than those without illicit drug use history: 22.5% versus 15.3%, P = 0.018.
conclusioncLBP in community-based US adults was associated with higher odds of using marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. Prescription opioid analgesic use was more common in cLBP sufferers with a history of illicit drug use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.
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Registered trials
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