ArticleScientific reports2016
Health costs of reproduction are minimal despite high fertility, mortality and subsistence lifestyle.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood Pressure Changes During Aging and Menopause Among Forager-Horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Costs of maternal care revealed through body conditionin Northern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Oxytocin varies across the life course in a sex-specific way in a human subsistence population.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Endocrinological Basis for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Perspective.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Inflammaging is minimal among forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Higher blood lipid levels after the transition to menopause in two forager-horticulturalist populations.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Article
- Contemporary small-scale subsistence populations offer unique insights into human musculoskeletal health and aging.Science advances · 2024Review
- Pregnancy is linked to faster epigenetic aging in young women.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Energetic costs of testosterone in two subsistence populations.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023Article
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- Female reproduction and viral infection in a long-lived mammal.The Journal of animal ecology · 2022Article
- Traditional and biomedical maternal and neonatal care practices in a rural Indigenous population of the Bolivian Amazon.Global public health · 2022Article
- Life-history tradeoffs in a historical population (1896-1939) undergoing rapid fertility decline: Costs of reproduction?Evolutionary human sciences · 2022Article
- Immune cell type and DNA methylation vary with reproductive status in women: possible pathways for costs of reproduction.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2022Article
- Pregnancy, preeclampsia and maternal aging: From epidemiology to functional genomics.Ageing research reviews · 2022Review
- Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders.Evolutionary applications · 2021Review
- Predation has small, short-term, and in certain conditions random effects on the evolution of aging.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Parity predicts biological age acceleration in post-menopausal, but not pre-menopausal, women.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Multi-system physiological dysregulation and ageing in a subsistence population.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Women exhibit greater morbidity than men despite higher life expectancy. An evolutionary life history framework predicts that energy invested in reproduction trades-off against investments in maintenance and survival. Direct costs of reproduction may therefore contribute to higher morbidity, especially for women given their greater direct energetic contributions to reproduction. We explore multiple indicators of somatic condition among Tsimane forager-horticulturalist women (Total Fertility Rate = 9.1; n = 592 aged 15-44 years, n = 277 aged 45+). We test whether cumulative live births and the pace of reproduction are associated with nutritional status and immune function using longitudinal data spanning 10 years. Higher parity and faster reproductive pace are associated with lower nutritional status (indicated by weight, body mass index, body fat) in a cross-section, but longitudinal analyses show improvements in women's nutritional status with age. Biomarkers of immune function and anemia vary little with parity or pace of reproduction. Our findings demonstrate that even under energy-limited and infectious conditions, women are buffered from the potential depleting effects of rapid reproduction and compound offspring dependency characteristic of human life histories.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.