ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2016
Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) Is Constitutively Expressed in Adult Central Nervous System (CNS) and Associated with Astrocyte-mediated Glial Scar Formation following Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Conditional Tnfaip6-Knockout in Inner Ear Hair Cells Does not Alter Auditory Function.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- TSG-6 Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Upregulating Hsp70-1B in Astrocytes.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Utilisation of High Molecular Weight and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan in Management of Glioblastoma.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Brain Ischemic Tolerance Triggered by Preconditioning Involves Modulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6) in Mice Subjected to Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- TSG-6-Mediated Extracellular Matrix Modifications Regulate Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Endogenous TSG-6 modulates corneal inflammation following chemical injury.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Age related changes in hyaluronan expression leads to Meibomian gland dysfunction.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Article
- Characterization of the Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Niche.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Use of Cells, Supplements, and Peptides as Therapeutic Strategies for Modulating Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Transplantation of Chemical Compound-Induced Cells from Human Fibroblasts Improves Locomotor Recovery in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Characterization of the Involvement of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6) in Ischemic Brain Injury Caused by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mouse.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6): A Promising Immunomodulatory Target in Acute Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Research progress of hydrogels as delivery systems and scaffolds in the treatment of secondary spinal cord injury.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- TSG-6 inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix degradation in nucleus pulposus cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
- The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Identification of TNFAIP6 as a hub gene associated with the progression of glioblastoma by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.IET systems biology · 2022Article
- Hyaluronan supports the limbal stem cell phenotype during ex vivo culture.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Article
- The therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Review
- Effects of ganglioside GM1 and erythropoietin on spinal cord injury in mice: Functional and immunohistochemical assessments.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) binds to hyaluronan and can reorganize/stabilize its structure, also enhancing the binding of this glycosaminoglycan to its cell surface receptor, CD44. TSG-6 is rapidly up-regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines protecting tissues from the damaging effects of inflammation. Despite TSG-6 treatment having been shown to improve outcomes in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury, TSG-6 expression has not been extensively studied in the central nervous system (CNS). We hereby analyzed the expression profile of TSG-6 in the developing CNS and following injury. We show that TSG-6 is expressed in the rat CNS by GFAP(+) and CD44(+) astrocytes, solely in the mature brain and spinal cord, and is not present during the development of the CNS. TSG-6(-/-) mice present a reduced number of GFAP(+) astrocytes when compared with the littermate TSG-6(+/-) mice. TSG-6 expression is drastically up-regulated after injury, and the TSG-6 protein is present within the glial scar, potentially coordinating and stabilizing the formation of this hyaluronan-rich matrix. This study shows that TSG-6 is expressed in the CNS, suggesting a role for TSG-6 in astrocyte activation and tissue repair. We hypothesize that within this context TSG-6 could participate in the formation of the glial scar and confer anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies are required to elucidate the therapeutic potential of targeting TSG-6 after CNS injury to promote its protective effects while reducing the inhibitory properties of the glial scar in axon regeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.