ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2016
Virulence and Evolution of West Nile Virus, Australia, 1960-2012.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of chronic comorbidities in dengue fever and West Nile virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- The Role of Wildlife and Climate Change in the Emergence of One Health-Related Viral Diseases in Australia.Viruses · 2026Review
- Tissue tropism, pathology, and pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection in saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Arbovirus Transmission in Australia from 2002 to 2017.Biology · 2024Article
- Cellular co-infections of West Nile virus and Usutu virus influence virus growth kinetics.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Immunization with different recombinant West Nile virus envelope proteins induces varying levels of serological cross-reactivity and protection from infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Competition between two Usutu virus isolates in cell culture and in the common house mosquitoFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Evidence of Infection with Zoonotic Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Saltwater Crocodiles (Viruses · 2022Article
- Global emergence of West Nile virus: Threat & preparedness in special perspective to India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Review
- Article
- West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and "One Health" Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Article
- Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- An Acute Stress Model in New Zealand White Rabbits Exhibits Altered Immune Response to Infection with West Nile Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Equine viral encephalitis: prevalence, impact, and management strategies.Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Archival Isolates Confirm a Single Topotype of West Nile Virus in Australia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Worldwide, West Nile virus (WNV) causes encephalitis in humans, horses, and birds. The Kunjin strain of WNV (WNVKUN) is endemic to northern Australia, but infections are usually asymptomatic. In 2011, an unprecedented outbreak of equine encephalitis occurred in southeastern Australia; most of the ≈900 reported cases were attributed to a newly emerged WNVKUN strain. To investigate the origins of this virus, we performed genetic analysis and in vitro and in vivo studies of 13 WNVKUN isolates collected from different regions of Australia during 1960-2012. Although no disease was recorded for 1984, 2000, or 2012, isolates collected during those years (from Victoria, Queensland, and New South Wales, respectively) exhibited levels of virulence in mice similar to that of the 2011 outbreak strain. Thus, virulent strains of WNVKUN have circulated in Australia for >30 years, and the first extensive outbreak of equine disease in Australia probably resulted from a combination of specific ecologic and epidemiologic conditions.
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